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151 | The article is devoted to the development of the Northern Urals as the territory of the settlement of the ancestors of the Northern group of the Mansi people in the past. The subjects of the research are ethnographic and archaeological data reflecting the stages of development of this part of the Urals as well as mythological texts which illustrate these data. Against the background of unequal settlement the formation of different actual level and social development of mythological characters revealed: the epic heroes of the song times; unions of the "owners" of the Urals; the tribes of ancient hunters; fraternal groups of soldiers both the autochthons and the aliens. The material of the article, including Mansi terminology, focuses on a group of native speakers of the Northern dialect of Mansi language. The purpose of the study is filling a gap in the insufficiently studied theme about the early colonization of the Urals and its first settlers on the materials of mythology. Keywords: Northern Ural, Mansi, mythological epochs, ancient population, wars, resettlement | 938 | |||||
152 | The article deals with the dynamics of functional development of modern Tuva language in compliance with diachronic-sociolinguistic approach. Given the attempt to characterize the history of Tuvan functional development in connection with Tuvan society history, the article describes the social changes that had a direct impact on the functional status of the language. The author conditionally identifies several stages in Tuvan functional development and this division allows seeing language development from one stage to another. Particular attention is paid to pre-Soviet era: Tuvan-Mongolian language contacts, history of Tuvan national writing, language peculiarities during the existence of Tuvan People's Republic, political situation. This time is considered as positive and associated with formation of literary form of the language, expansion of its social functions. The functional state of the language in the Soviet period is characterized by the increasing role of the Russian language in everyday life of Tuvans, the gradual increase of Tuvan-Russian bilingualism, the reduction of some communicative spheres of Tuvan. At the same time, studies showed that during the Soviet period Tuvan remained the main means of communication of Tuvans. Socio-political changes in the early 1990's contributed to the settlement of the legal status of the Tuvan language, strengthening the national consciousness of Tuvans. On the base of historical reconstruction the general situation of the Tuvan language interaction with Mongolian and Russian is introduced. The analysis show that Mongolian and Russian had significant influence to the Tuvan functional development, namely these languages were its main contact influences. The survey also demonstrates that at the beginning, Mongolian and Russian were mainly used for management, interethnic contacts and maintained only official spheres. The author concludes that such functional distribution led to limited, asymmetrical use of the modern Tuva language in official spheres. In conclusion the stages of Tuvan functional development are represented. Keywords: language situation, functional distribution, social function, the Tuva language, Tuvans, Republic of Tuva | 935 | |||||
153 | A. P. Dulzon (09.11.1900–15.01.1973) is well known among the specialists in Uralic studies as the scholar with a wide range of research interests, the developer of the new fundamental principles of Samoyedic studies. Professor Dulzon is acknowledged for his significant contribution to the studies of the pre-russian population of Western Siberia: Chulym Tatars, Ket and Selkup languages, Yeniseic-Chukotsko-Koryak similarities in verb conjugation, common features of the Indoeuropean and Uralo-Altaic verb-forms, commonalities in noun declension of Indoeuropean and Yeniseic languages. A. P. Dulzon also focused his research on the study of hydronyms, their origin and semantics. Special attention is paid to the study of ancient toponyms. According to A. P. Dulzon, the analysis of such toponyms is hampered by the complexity of their modern structure, the original form of which is often completely modified by numerous layers of previous place-names. The toponyms of the Ugro-Samoyedic origin belong to the ancient toponyms of the Ural-Volga area, and can be analysed by deciphering their complex phonetic and semantic structure modified in the past centuries. The analysis points to the complexity of the ethnogenetic processes in the Ural-Volga area and Western Siberia. Consequently, it is impossible to study the existing toponymic system of the Ural-Volga area as formed by the peoples residing there at present and ignore the chronological periods of their formation and the influence of substrate, superstrate and other phenomena. The etymological interpretation of the hydronyms of the Ural-Volga area is impossible without extensive diachronic and synchronic comparative analysis, and without taking chronological and areal considerations. The comparative cartography of the hydronyms of the Ural-Volga area reveals their twin-hydronyms in Western Siberia. Keywords: A. P. Dulzon, Ural-Volga area, toponymy | 934 | |||||
154 | The article is devoted to the description of the sacrificial complex in honor of the deity Mirsusne-khum, which was recorded during the field work in 2015 in the Berezovsky district of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous district-Yugra. The complex consists of cover and a heroic helmet, both attributes of the Ob Mansi made from cloth. Dating of the objects held by him attached to the coins and determined the 1920s–1930s are the analogs described previously, the author proposes his own version of the semantics of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures, which are presented at the cover and helmet. The iconography of the Heavenly horseman in the giant helmet reflects the era in which it was made: the figure of a deity endowed with the equipment and apparel specific to the Red army 1930-ies. Keywords: Mansi, helmet, cover, sacrifice, tradition | 934 | |||||
155 | The article outlines the basic perspective research in anthropology of labor law as an independent branch of anthropology of law. In the article the most significant issues of concern are developed. The authors propose the thesis of bio-anthropological evolutionary factors of modern labor law and labor relations. Apart from contributing to the basic knowledge, the anthropology of labor law serves practical functions. The studies of labor law in human evolution allow to deduce the long-term tendencies in the development of labor law, including the correlations between legal norms and human biology, cognition and basic interactions with the environment, developing social networks. It is justified thus to state that the labor law is determined by anthropological factors. The soft definition would state if not the determination, but at least the anthropological logic in the historical development and the modernity of legal regulation of social and labor relations. The understanding of such factors allows to solve the conflicts widespread in labor law, which are notoriously difficult within formal jurisprudence means. Keywords: anthropology of law, anthropology of labor law, human evolution, history of labor legislation | 933 | |||||
156 | The article is written based on the research of the set of historical documents, written materials provided by the head of the polish national and cultural association “Spring” N. E. Hartman about the fate of Poles in the Altay Mountains in 1930–1950. The article focuses on the necessity of restoration and preservation of historical records about the fate of Polish people in periods of deportation and Stalinist purges as well as during the Great Patriotic War in the Altay Mountain. The article is a try to accumulate research experience of scientists, public organizations and private individuals in regards to specification of the statistical and actual information about the fate of Poles in the Altay Mountain during Stalinist purges and the Great Patriotic War. Keywords: polish national and cultural association “Spring”, deportation, purges, Republic of Poland, Oirotia, Altay Mountains | 931 | |||||
157 | The article attempts to provide a systemic description of the phenomenon of pseudoborrowing which is characteristic for modern literary languages. The focus of discussion is the extralinguistic determinism of this phenomenon also peculiar to conventional borrowings. The first significant feature of pseudoborrowing appears its secondary character to the actual borrowing, which becomes the foundation for the subsequent processes of a posteriori word formation within the recipient language. The second important feature of pseudoborrowing is its being unknown and incomprehensible by speakers of a donor language. The third one is the manipulative character of this language phenomenon. Under this aspect pseudoborrowing can be viewed in two ways: either as a result of conscious manipulation of borrowed morphological material by recipient language speakers, e. g., for ideological purposes; or as a phenomenon of “reactive power” of language system, constantly forced to create something new out of available means within an exoglossic language situation. Pseudoborrowing is considered an ambivalent phenomenon: on the one hand, mentioned above extralinguistic determinism features and the designation itself emphasize its exogenous nature; on the other hand, the a posteriori nature of its products compared with the actual borrowing testify to its endogenous nature, i. e., belonging to the internal processes of a recipient language. The intensity of forming pseudoborrowings is proportional to the prestige of the borrowed donor language material in the communicative practice of recipient language speakers. The phenomenon of pseudoborrowing is a symptom of the diversification and internationalization of the morphological substrate of a certain lingua franca. The advantage of the approach proposed lies in the possibility of a holistic interpretation of the nature of pseudoborrowing considering trends of sociolinguistic and contactological orders. Keywords: pseudoborrowing, aposteriori coinages, manipulation, diamorphism tendencies, exo-glossic language situation | 927 | |||||
158 | The paper analyzes indigenous multilingualism in the north-eastern part of the lower Yenisei area from the 1930s to the 1970s (Tajmyr peninsula, Siberia, Russia). The data used for this study are sociolinguistic interviews performed by the author in 2017 with children and grandchildren of those representatives of indigenous peoples of Tajmyr who were adults in the given period. Ethnolinguistic history of the area is described for the last 200 years in order to provide a general background for understanding patterns of multilingual practices, in particular all ethnic migrations are analyzed from the point of view of their reasons and their sociolinguistic consequences. Contacts between Northern Samoyedic peoples – the Tundra Enets, the Tundra Nenets, and the Nganasans – are portrayed in details, with particular attention to language repertoires, to contexts of usage of each language, and to all attested changes to them with time. Besides, linguistic ideologies typical for the area are commented on, including their interconnection to other sociolinguistic factors involved. As a result, common local sociolinguistic patterns are posited: those that are recurrently attested in several Tajmyrian locations. First, in all cases all adults could speak the language of the ethnic majority of the area, and most adults could understand all other indigenous languages of the area; furthermore, active command of other languages could be conditioned by details of an individual’s biography. Second, the main language used within a nuclear family was usually the language of the ethnic majority of the area, regardless the ethnic identity of the parents; the native language of (one of) the parents, if different from the language of the ethnic majority, was usually used for codified interactions with other adults: e.g. when receiving guests or paying visits. The methodology of this study is discussed in details with the idea of its reproducibility in other areas of Siberia. Keywords: sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, history of Siberia, multilingualism, language contacts, Tajmyr, Tundra Enets, Tundra Nenets, Nganasans, methodology of fieldwork | 924 | |||||
159 | The ‘Toyanov gorodok’ settlement is a place well-known to Tomsk residents, which is located on the left bank of the River Tom, opposite the city of Tomsk. The area took its name from a fortified settlement once located here. According to folk legends, the leader of Eoushta Tatars called Toyan was based in this area. The research into it started in the late XIX century, however at that time and afterwards it was limited only to the inspection and collection of finds on the surface. In the early XX century such settlements and adjacent territories would be chosen for countryside houses construction. In the first half of the XX century, a TB sanatorium was built here, and the fortified settlement was largely destroyed and partially filled with construction waste. Some unpublished documents and unknown collections of finds related to this archaeological site are now kept at Tomsk museums. The article presents a previously unpublished layout of the ‘Toyanov gorodok’ settlement and of its burial ground drawn by M. P. Gryaznov in 1924 as well as A. P. Dulson’s finds collected at the site in 1952. Keywords: ‘Toyanov gorodok’ settlement, Toyan, Tatars of Eoushta, history of research, ceramics | 921 | |||||
160 | The paper considers the issue of establishing and sustaining the double identity among young generation of German immigrants coming from ethnically blended Russian-German families who arrived in Germany from the CIS countries in the 1990-s during the fourth migration wave. Micro-historical approach is used in the study. The experience of successful integration of German immigrants into German society is studied. The work is centered on the data of field studies by means of in-depth interview methods and overt observations in 2014 in Baden-Württemberg (Germany). It was revealed that respondents have the conception of inhomogeneity of German migrant community (according to the time of immigration – they differ from representatives of earlier immigration waves) and by acculturation strategies (assimilation, separation, integration), as well as they have understanding of specific nature of their paradigms compared to native Germans and their distinctiveness from Russians. The factors of establishing positive Russian-German identity can be defined as: cultural-historical migrants’ origins (memories of historical motherland, its culture and traditions), internal structures of immigrant community (Russian shops, restaurants, discos, Russian-language media and websites, etc.), as well as modern cultural reality of accepting German society. Adherence of young generation of German immigrants to Russian culture can be defined by essential level (saving native language and culture of ancestors) and instrumentalist level (Russian language skills as a condition for increased competitiveness on the German labor market). Regarding the German component of young immigrants’ identity both levels can be also defined: perception of adhesion to German people “by blood” and understanding that German language skills, adoption of norms and values of German society contributes to successful integration into accepting community. It was defined that the important mechanisms of sustaining Russian component of double identity are keeping strong family connections, marriage with representatives from German immigrants families, inclusion of children into traditions of Russian culture and orthodox church; keeping close relations with friends and relatives in Russia, etc. Formation of German component of identity occurs under the influence of socio-cultural environment of modern German society. The work reveals that immigrants under study live with the perception of their adherence to two different worlds, two cultures. Among young people there is strong belief that they have two motherlands – Russia and Germany (USSR). Keywords: migration, second (sesquialter) migrant generation, Russian-speaking German migrants, Germany, double identity, integration | 921 | |||||
161 | Paper is devoted to investigation of peculiarities of ελευθερία and αγάπη concepts in Greek culture at different times: in ancient Greek culture, Byzantine culture, the culture of the Renaissance, and modern culture. The statement that these characteristics are the essential features of the understanding of the human being in Greek culture, which had a significant impact on the development of the Greek ethnos, is substantiated. On the basis of ancient Greek thinkers’ texts, the Bible and contemporary sources the formation and development of the idea of freedom as the essential characteristics of the Hellenes, and the transformation of the content and the semantic difference ἀγάπη compared with other Greek concept that refers to other manifestations of love (ερως, φιλια, στοργη etc) are demonstrated. At each of these stages, the essential relationship between freedom and love, and their inseparability from the human being and opposition to death is observed. Keywords: ελευθερία-freedom, αγάπη-love, ancient Greek culture, Byzantine culture, the culture of the Renaissance, modern culture | 920 | |||||
162 | The aim article to study the cult of fire at Khakases such material manifestation, as a fetish Altyn tös. To achieve this goal presented the following tasks: the definition of him sacred significance and the role in the worldview and ritual practices of this people, an analysis of its external characteristics and the reveal of variations symbolic of design figuration and consideration of ways to interact with this ritual sacred object. The chronological scope of work covers the end of the XIX – mid XX century. The choice of these time limits is caused, first of all, the state of the source base on the study. Selection temporal boundaries are caused primarily by the status of the database sources on the research topic. The main sources are archival and ethnographic materials. The work is based on compre-hensive, system-historical approach to the study of the past. Research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods – scientific description, the specific historical and relic. In the worldview and ritual practice Khakases considerable attention was given to fetishism. In traditional consciousness, the fire was endowed with protective and patronizing functions. One of the brightest and most revered idols was Altyn tös. He had a high ritual status, and is always located at the place of honor in the home. It was common belief that largely depends on his favor the preservation of people’s health, well-being of their life and success in economic activities. Derived his sacred role in the spiritual life Khakases contributed to the formation of a special ritual system. It included, both individual and extended family acts of worship. Popular idol contributed to the emergence of different variants of its external image. However, a key marker acted brocade fabric. Keywords: Khakases, tradition, worldview, shamanism, cult, ritual, fetish, tös, Altyn tös | 919 | |||||
163 | The paper opens a cycle of articles concerned to the emergence and development of multilingualism of peoples inhabited Kolyma-Alazeia tundra, the region where Yukaghir, Even, Chukchi, Yakut and Russian areas intersected. One of these peoples will be a starting point of investigation in each article of the cycle. The starting point of this paper is Chukchi, their arrival to the area mentioned, their contacts with neighbours, the languages they spoke. The pasture areas of Chukchi in the late 19th to the early 20th centuries were discovered on base of the sources (works of anthropologists, travelers, missionaries). As a result, the area in Kolyma-Alazeia tundra inhabited by Chukchi was in the first time mapped in every detail. Besides, the places where Chukchi contacted to the neighboring peoples and languages probably used there were specified. One of the important places for contacts were seasonal fairs which were mapped as full as possible. The evaluation of the data led to the conclusion that in the Western part of the area the Chukchi were multilingual despite the fact that they possessed large reindeer herds and hold higher economic position comparing to other inhabitants of the region discussed. In the same time, that in the Eastern part of the area the Chukchi kept traditional monolingualism and often did not speak even Russian, using Chukchi-Russian jargon to communicate to the Russian-speaking population. The possible reasons for emergence of multilingualism in the Western area were large amount of interethnic marriages and the fact that many Evens and Yukaghirs sought to live near or with the rich Chukchi. The eastern monolingualism was apparently supported by close contacts with Chukchi of “Chukotskaya zemlitsa” predominantly monoethnic area. The exact situation in some interjacent areas is not quite clear due to scarcity of sources. Keywords: multilingualism, Chukchi language, historical sociolinguistics, language maps, Kolyma- Alazeia tundra | 919 | |||||
164 | The paper is devoted to the study of transformations in the Khakass language consciousness over the past 15 years. The strengthening of the positive value dominants in the perception of the stimulus kizi "person", represented in the syntagmatic models of moral, intellectual and external evaluation of a person is identified. Noticeable growth of the paradigmatic scheme of association in the structure of associative fields tugan "relative", aal "Khakass village", aal?y "guest" is associated with changes in the psycholinguistic categorization of the social space of a person. The growth of the significance of family ties, birthplace, homeland in the Khakass language consciousness correlate with the process of adaptation to dynamic socio-economic realities. Keywords: Khakass language, Khakass language consciousness, psycholinguistic meaning, associative field, axiological meaning | 917 | |||||
165 | The article deals with the archaeological activities of the famous Siberian historian and archaeologist A.P. Umansky in the 1980s – early 2000s. His long-standing cooperation with the researcher of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences V.A. Mogilnikov was of great importance. The most large-scale result of archaeological research of scientists were the excavations of the Novotroitsk necropolis, conducted in 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986-1991. In all, 314 burials were excavated in Novotroitsk, 296 of which belong to the Scythian time, 16 – to the Late Bronze Age, 1– to the Middle Ages and 1– due to total destruction, remained undefined. One of the important joint scientific developments of A.P. Umansky and V.A. Mogilnikov became the selection of the Kamensk archaeological culture of the second half of the 1st millennium BC. In contrast to the traditional point of view, they linked the origin of Kamensk complexes not only with the development of the autochthonous Bolsherechensk culture, but in many respects with the penetration of the new population from the west or south-west. In 1985, A.P. Umansky took part in the excavations of the Rogozikha-1 mound group, during which a unique oriental-mirror rattle with images of religious-symbolic scenes was found. The definition of image semantics required intensive work to find analogies in archaeological and written sources, including ancient Indian epic works. The scientist interpreted the plot on the Rogozikha mirror as a multi-valued symbolic image of the solemn descent into the underworld. In the 1989–1990th he participated in the research of archaeological sites in the natural boundary of Karban, on the left bank of the Katun-river. As a result of the excavations material that characterizes the different stages of the history of the population of the Altai Mountains in the era of early iron was obtained and which has great historical and artistic value. During the period under review, A.P. Umansky was fruitfully engaged in publishing and understanding the accumulated archaeological sources, he strove to introduce his numerous materials of previous years into scientific circulation. Keywords: archeology, Umansky, Mogilnikov, Novotroitsk, Rogozikha, Karban, Kamensk culture | 917 | |||||
166 | A comparative analysis of vocabulary related to the group of dairy food products traditional for the nomadic cattle-breeding peoples of Central Asia – the Khalkha-Mongols, Buryats and Oirats, as well as Kalmyks. The research modern Mongolian languages, as well as materials of dialectological expeditions conducted by Valentin Ivanovich Rassadin from the 1970s to the 2000s in the Republic of Buryatia, Western Mongolia. All Mongolian peoples traditionally continue to breed five types of cattle – horses, cows, sheep, goats and camels, from which milk is obtained as a starting product for the preparation of a wide variety of dairy dishes by fermentation, distillation, straining, settling, boiling, drying or diluting with tea or water. It was possible to find out that dairy cattle breeding and methods of preparing many dairy products came to the ancient from the depths of centuries, along with the names from the ancient Turks and are still preserved among the modern Mongolian peoples. Considering the terms of dairy products in Mongolian languages, a list of terms in Mongolian language, have a complete analogy to modern. Above list of words clearly testifies that the terms of dairy farming have long been established in the Mongolian languages, most likely, back in the Mongolian era, when dairy farming was among the Mongol tribes. Further development of this layer of vocabulary, especially in terms of its, will shed light on the external influence, especially the Turkic languages, in which the terms of dairy products were formed, since a number of Mongolian terms have analogies in the Turkic languages, such as: turk. süt – milk, ajran – sour milk, qurut – dried cheeses, bїšlaq – home-made cheese, irimek – curd scum on the walls of the boiler from boiling sour milk, araqї – vodka. Keywords: mongolian peoples, the ancient Turks, five kinds of cattle, horses, cows, sheep, goats, camels, milk, boiling, souring, distillation, filtering, drying, mixing | 917 | |||||
167 | The paper reviews the role of “ethnic festivals” in the process of ethnic consolidation of Selkupancestry population in Narym area in ХХ–XXI centuries and the development of semi-professional arts and crafts within these festivals (performing arts). The discussion also reviews the role of neomythology in stimulating of consolidating processes and building ethnic identity. Keywords: Selkup, festivals, neomythology, folklore, folklore images, arts and crafts, performing arts | 916 | |||||
168 | 913 | ||||||
169 | The article considers the problems of the preservation and translation of the Slavic cultural heri tage through the tradition of literacy in connection with a system-forming role of literacy in Slavic culture. The specificity of the written texts and their interaction with culture makes it necessary to analyse the ways and forms of dissemination of cultural heritage through written texts and their cultural content. Discusses the differences between oral and written discourses, especially the generation of the verbal text, the specifics of his understanding, different relations between sender and addressee. When writing there is a division in the perception of speech, which begins to be perceived not only as a sounding word, but also as a visual phenomenon, separated from the reader, “indifferently” him. Analyzes the role of oral and written discourses in the Slavic culture, the perception of a written text and the problems of preservation and dissemination of cultural traditions through the book. The conclusion about the necessity to take into account the specifics of literacy, its existence and the characteristics of perception in the modern Slavic studies book. Keywords: Slavic narrative, written discourse and oral discourse, Church Slavonic language, Liturgy, liturgical text | 912 | |||||
170 | The problem of native language preservation of Slavic diasporas in Tomsk region is considered. The factors determining the process of saving / loss the native language are revealed. The study showed that the Slavic diasporas have significantly lost their native languages in the first decades after resettlement to Siberia during the ethno-cultural adaptation. National languages support was provided by mononational settlements, national schools, religious life, influx of new migrants. Consequently, the absence of these factors narrowed the scope of communication in mother tongue greatly, which gradually led to its significant loss. Among the most studied diasporas the Poles shows the lowest level of natural language knowledge. In modern times the expected interest in learning mother tongue in etnodispersal groups is not observed. Keywords: Native Language, Diasporas, Byelorussians, Poles, Ukrainians, Tomsk region | 910 | |||||
171 | Yukaghirs are a very small Northern people, their number is only 1603 people (according to the all-Russian census of 2010). The article describes the process of studying the musical folklore of two preserved local groups of Yukaghirs: Oduls (Upper Kolyma Yukaghirs) and Vaduls (Lower Kolyma Yukaghirs). The first account of the musical culture of the Yukaghirs appear in the works of travelers and missionaries, participants of expeditions of the 18–19 centuries, who studied the Kolyma region (F. F. Matyushkin, S. I. Mickiewicz, M. S. Vrutsevich, A. E. Dyachkov, V. G. Bogoraz). The works by V.I. Iohelson contain extensive ethnographic, linguistic and folklore materials on Oduls, which have a significant importance for researching the Yukaghirs musical culture. V.I. Iochelson described pictographic inscriptions on birch bark which are called changar shorile and related to the song tradition. In the 20th century, the works of E. A. Kreinovich were significant for the study of Yukaghir culture. A. N. Laptev published a number of folklore texts collected in 1959 by the expedition of USSR’s Academy of Science. Choreographer M. Ya. Zhornitskaya describing circular and imitative dances based on the field materials collected in 1959 and 1964. Yukaghir music became an object of research from 1960s, when composers and musicologists G. A. Grigoryan, E. Ye. Alekseev, G. N. Komrakov began to record examples of musical folklore and study them. In 1973, I. A. Brodsky recorded melodies of musical and dance folklore, gathered several musical instruments and instrumental tunes, made a primary theoretical analysis of intonation practice. T. S. Shentalinskaya in 1982 collected samples of song and lyrical improvisations (andylschina), characteristic for Russian old inhabitants and Yukaghirs of the Lower Kolyma. Since 1980s, T. I. Ignatieva and Yu. I. Sheykin have been working on the collection and publication of musical folklore of Yukaghirs. In the 1980s and 1990s, recordings of Yukaghir folklore were made by K. Tanimoto and T. Miller. Linguist S. Ode using their own field materials 1990–2000s studied recitative melodies in the tales of Yukaghir. The unique musical culture of the Yukaghirs belongs to the disappearing musical and folklore traditions and needs to be studied urgently. Keywords: Indigenous Northern peoples, Yukaghirs, Oduls, Vaduls, music, musical folklore | 907 | |||||
172 | A national study of the stratigraphy of the Tomsk scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia on the basis of personal files of students, teachers and staff from the archives of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University study allowed to identify the names and biographical data of 11 Ukrainians working in the Tomsk State Pedagogical University in 1930–1950. A comparative analysis of the biographical material allowed identifying common signs of a reconstructed model of the effective work of a scientist: educational activity and scientific productivity. Herewith, the particular symptoms varied depending on socio-economic and political conditions in society and played the role of additional development factors. These findings have proved to be reliable for the reconstruction of the typological model of Soviet scientist and teacher, regardless of his nationality. The idea of internationalism, inherent in the Soviet people as a unified media identity, graded national differences and ideological Soviet society with priority of the dictatorship of the proletariat, including in the areas of education, forced to adapt to the General requirements, in order to preserve the lives and safety of his own family, rising above the national status class. Keywords: nationality, university intellectuals, model of effective work of scientist-educator, Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute | 906 | |||||
173 | In this article, on a wide factual material addresses the issue of entry into the culture of the Selkups of flour and bread as food. Comparative cross-cultural analysis of ways to use flour and making bread: information from Selkup are compared with data collected from people living in adjacent territories – Vasyugan, Wachowski, Yugansk Khants, North (the fans) Selkups, kets, Nenets and other peoples of Western Siberia. The result of the study were the following conclusions: firstly, the widespread of bread in the culture of the Selkups refers to the period of settlement of the Narym Russian (XVII century); secondly, which appeared as an innovation, the bread has a firm place in the system of their traditional culture and production, life-supporting, social normative. Keywords: flour, bread, traditional culture, power system, baking oven, hearth bread, middle Ob Selkup, Vasyugan-Vakh Khanty | 906 | |||||
174 | The rite of seeing off the recruits (soldiers) of the Chuvashs, like that of other peoples of Russia, began to take shape with the introduction of recruitment duty. According to the unfolding and variability, recruit rituals are much more inferior to wedding and funeral-memorial rituals, but it is nevertheless a rather complex and structured ritual complex. In this work, on the basis of archival, literary sources and author's field materials, the magical rites, signs and beliefs that took place in the recruitment ritual of the Chuvashs in the Volga-Ural region in the mid-19th century and the beginning of the 20th century are considered. Their goal is identified as having a magical effect on the fate of the conscripted to military service, furnishing their surroundings with reliable and permanent protection, ensuring a safe return to their homeland. Keywords: Chuvashs, seeing off in recruits, magic rituals, Volga-Ural region | 906 | |||||
175 | Ways and means of expressing Singularity and Plurality in Udihe are discussed in the present paper. As usual, form of singular number in Udihe is unmarked. Singularity is often accentuated by lexical means as well. To express plurality, in Udihe different markers are used: -dziga (~-ziga ~-diga), -tana, -getu, and *-kta, and -ŋka. Some of them are distinguished etymologically. Besides, that plurality as well as singularity may be expressed lexically. Adjectival markers of plurality are also examined in this paper, because in Udihe such suffixes mark not only Nouns, but also Adjectives, for example, -ŋku (‘suffix of collective adjactives’). Keywords: сategory of number, singularity, plurality, noun, collective nouns, adjective, lexical means | 903 | |||||
176 | The paper described historical data about some of the medieval Turkic tribes related to the problem of the Kazakh peopleorigin and formation. The author analyzes and significantly develops the conclusions of researchers who studied ethnonyms preserved as a part of many Turkic people, including Kazakhs. There were systematized the data on the relationship between ethnonyms and geographical locality names whose territory inhabited by tribes with the same name, as well as the Altai origins of some of them and close mutual contacts with the common ethnic elements, later took part in the formation of many of the Turkic-speaking people. The objects of study have become some of the tribes-makskar, pelvis, sherkesh, kzylkurt. Studying these subjects has allowed the author to establish a possible relationship of ethnonyms appearance in the structure of the Kazakh tribal associations with the history of their formation, dating back to antiquity. The study relates to the formulation of the chronology stages problem formation of the Kazakh nation and is a supplement to the formation of protokazakh period. Keywords: ethnic processes, Kazakh tribes, mascart, taz, kyzylkurt, ethnohistorical relationship, tamgas | 902 | |||||
177 | The aim of the following paper is to present the terms of social and human capital and their role in contem-porary societies. The paper consists of few parts. It starts with discussion about definitions of social and human capital and differences between both terms. The author states that the term of human capital is wider, but it cannot be considered without its social component. Then, it presents the role of non-government organizations (funds, associations) in the process of forming of social capital. The author argues, that social confidence, accountability and transparent political institutions, as well as democratic state, cannot exist without social capital and well developed “third sector”. In the last part of the paper the author presents a case of Wroclaw-based fund “The Russian-Polish Institute”, a non-government organization, established in 2011 by private persons from Poland and Russia, that focuses on preservation and popularization of Russian language and culture in Poland. Keywords: social capital, non-commercial organizations, the Russian-Polish Institute, Russian language and culture | 900 | |||||
178 | This paper investigates linguistic and cultural aspects of metamorphosis of folklore characters of three peoples of Ob-Yenisei area: Ket, Selkup, and Khanty. This work focuses on variants of a single myth about the moon's origin shared by these three cultures. This myth revealed several metamorphoses, for example: man → man’s half without a heart → moon; man → swan → man’s half without a heart → moon, and the others. The structure of metamorphosis situations might include the following components: 1) who/what is transforming; 2) in whom/what subject is transforming; 3) initiator of transformation (if available); 4) what actions are accompanying and/or initiating the transformation. Thus the metamorphosis situation can be observed as a not elementary language unit, that is built by mutual penetration of composed components. Keywords: folklore, Ob-Yenisei area, metamorphosis, lexical and grammatical means of realization | 900 | |||||
179 | Based on the materials from Early Medieval settlements in the Tomsk Ob Region, the paper presents the author’s vision of the development of ferrous metallurgy in this region and pays attention to the fact that the available data are scarce and insufficient to prove the widespread development of the local ferrous metallurgy. An ornamented hearth door from Kislovka II settlement is one of the most significant findings. The author identified it as a ritual artifact intended for ceremonies, most likely before iron smelting. The ornament consisting of 5 rows of triangles can be interpreted as an appeal to a higher power for successful smelting. Keywords: archeology, ferrous metallurgy, hearth, ore, blacksmithing | 900 | |||||
180 | The article analyzes metaphorical expressives as units of expressive lexical corpus in the Tuvan language in contrast with the Russian language. We offer our observations regarding expressive lexis formed by the means of semantic derivations. We present a general overview of such units and determine whether metaphorical transfer occurs in Tuvan or not, and list the areas of nomination where it occurs; after that, we analyze similar lexemes in the Russian language. Metaphorical meanings serve as universal means of expression of emotions and social evaluation in Tuvan and Russian. Our study shows that in Tuvan, this method of formation of new meaning definitely exists, 7 models of semantic derivation have been described. Individual traits of Tuvan and Russian world images are defined on the basis of metaphorical expressives. Keywords: metaphor, expressive, semantic derivation, Tuvan, Russian, language world image | 900 | |||||
181 | The problem of axiological preferences of the Finno-Ugric ethnic group (Mordvinian) against cultural peculiarities of German ethnic group as exemplified in the folk tales is discussed. In the tale reality the axiological norms function as an ideal model of a person that has to stabilize the given type of the society. The guides and differences in the basic maxims of nationally marked axiological system of Mordvinian and German community are defined. Similarities are defined by close connection to the nature, the forest, special love to the tree (the oak). Specific features are embodied in the different world perception. For the Mordvinian people the forest is positively depicted because the forest, the nature, the person mean the life and the shelter from the disaster and the evil. German people take the forest as bearing hostility and even fatal danger. Syncretism in Mordvinian thinking brings syncretism in language categories and defines the person as not separated out from the outside forces. But in the German mentality autonomy of the individual who makes decisions himself confirms as the social value that is a condition of the happy life. The German tale creates the axiological model in which the person is a free individual not lacking in creation as an individual is in the fullness of existence. Axiological model of the Mordvinian tale is implemented in the idea about some force which includes magic that rules reality, can punish for unkind acts and reward for dignified behavior. Orientation of the person’s activity depends on preferences, meanings and existence values that although change from one epoch to another but are established by the traditions of ethnical communities. Keywords: axiological system of the ethnical group, ambivalence, folk tale, world view, language categories, axiological preferences, program of the action | 899 | |||||
182 | The paper considers the problem of ethnic identity of Belarusians and the Ukrainians of Tomsk region in the context of ethnic revival. The paper describes the main directions of work of Ukrainian and Belarusian cultural centers in Tomsk, presenting an evaluation of how the national-cultural centers work is consideration of such indicators as population. The reasons of these organizations’ limited influence on the daily life of people are revealed. Separate groups within the ethnic societies under study are defined according to the degree of expressed ethnic self-consciousness, as well as the factors defining it. The ways of public activity outside the national organizations are also demonstrated. It has been found that the processes of self-organization of the Ukrainians and Belarusians of Tomsk region occur in conditions of blurring of ethnic identity and have not lead to the growth of their population in the region. Keywords: ethnic identity, processes of ethnic revival, Belarusians, Ukrainians | 896 | |||||
183 | The article is devoted to the identification and description of the differential features of the semantics of peripheral verbs with the meaning of visual perception. In this subgroup, we classify seven Khakass verbs expressing various aspects of the visual act, of which four verbs have lexical correspondences in other Turkic languages. In the course of semantic-cognitive analysis of the material, the common and distinctive features of these verbs are revealed. Thus, it has been revealed that the lexical correspondences of the Khakass verbs хара- «watch closely; observe», пахла- «peep, peep» in other Turkic languages (for example, Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh) have an extensive semantic structure and as a result of the development of ambiguity, they can demonstrate a weakening of the original perceptive trait in subsequent secondary values. The verb хара- / кара-, in addition to perceptual designation, indicates other spheres of human activity, for example, in the Azerbaijani, Karakalpak languages, this verb has the LSW «to obey». In the Tatar, Bashkir and other languages, this verb, due to its frequency of use, assumes the modal meaning «try». The semantic components of the verbs characteristic (according to our observations) for the Khakass language are also analyzed. In the Siberian Turkic languages, these verbs in their lexico-semantic variants (LSV) usually retain perceptual semo, only tuv.: каракта- and tof.: қарақта- show the semantic shift in terms of the cognitive relation of the visual and mental processes. According to our observations, the characteristic verses for Khakass were: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, marked with sema «[watch], turning the head» and verb аңды-, the actualizing sign of focus and concentration of the visual act. Keywords: khakass language, Turkic languages, verb, visual perception, meaning | 895 | |||||
184 | This article examines the funeral Chukchi traditions that have survived to the present time. Many scientists believed that archaic forms of funerals would give way to a modern unified ritual. However, in some national villages of Chukotka people are still buried by burning or leaving the dead body on a hill or in an open area; modern funeral rites are also often associated with some elements of traditional culture. The authors consider the worldview associated with death, the attitude to death in the Chukchi and neighboring ethnic groups. For a comparative analysis of the rites occurring in different years, the authors give descriptions of the funeral rites by scientists and travelers of the XVIII–XX centuries. Existing ritual practices in modern Chukchi culture are represented by the following methods of burial of the dead: burning, leaving the body in the open air, laying the body with stones, burial "in Russian". Among the traditional burial practices, the most common is the ritual of burning. Moreover, in the village of Vaegi of Anadyr districts the funeral "in Chukchi" is the most preferable for residents. The exceptions are the cases when the spouses and close relatives of the representatives of other nationalities can not do the will of the dead in the ceremony of burning. Other traditional methods of burial are few but still occur in the village of Ilirney (Iultinsky district), Rytkuchi village (Chaunsky district), in some villages of Anadyr and Chukotka district. Surveys of residents showed that most often "in Chukchi" they bury the old people, who voiced their will during his lifetime, or "tundra-people" engaged in traditional farming away from the villages. It should be noted that nowadays few informants could describe the ritual as a whole, many people know the order of ritual acts, but cannot disclose their meaning. The funeral rites are frequently held in a "truncated" version (once the mandatory manipulations with the dead are no longer produced, for example, tendons cut, "open" chest, etc.). In rural areas, there are still experts who own traditional burial practices. They participate in the preparation and conduct of the rite, teach the younger generation to conduct rituals. Keywords: Chukchi, traditional culture, traditional funeral rites, rite of burning, elements of funeral rite | 895 | |||||
185 | An important component of the contemporary Mongolian ethnicity – native nomadic places («nutag») and their representations are being explored. Different variations of the interpretation of this image are given. The situational essence of nutag perception is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to individual features of understanding and localization of a small homeland. The sources of the nutag study are conditionally divided into three groups: oral, old-written and modern musical-literary. When considering sources, special attention is paid to the literary and musical-poetic creativity of Mongolian authors of the 20th – early 21st century. The traditional notion of nutag is an understanding of the specific landscape in which the spirit-masters and the spirits of the ancestors of living people inhabit. These people support a psycho-emotional and mental connection with their native nomadic places. Today this representation is replaced by generalized images and only for an outside observer it becomes an abstraction. In fact, the nutag, as before, for each Mongolian retains a deep semantic load that is not extrapolated to the outside observers. In conclusion, the dual essence of the contemporary ideas about the Mongol homeland is emphasized: external abstractness and internal individual imagery, which is associated with a specific locality, natural objects and spirits-masters of the native landscape. Keywords: Mongolia, Mongolians, ethnic self-consciousness, ethnicity, homeland, image | 894 | |||||
186 | This article shows the results of the corpus method approbation in the investigation of the folklore materials. The application of this method to purely folklore resources has allowed to describe the ethnographic character of the Selkup material culture in detail. The ethnographic context of the folklore texts from different Selkup local groups massively demonstrates their main subsistence activities: a combination of hunting and fishing. Meanwhile, each local group reveals its own distinctive features: the Middle-Taz areal – duck-hunting and fishing with the fishing net; the Central dialectal areal – squirrel hunting and fishing, etc. It has been verified that the locus of each of the Selkup cultures differs in the folklore texts not only in the distribution of the main subsistence activities, but also in the ethnographic details of daily routine. The range of ethnographic details varies in in the Northern and in the Central areals. Everyday realities from the Northern dialectal areal include the «chum» (a special tent) and a fireplace in the form of a bonfire, whereas the heroes from the Central dialectal areal live in «izbushkas» with a «chuval» (a special fireplace). Furthermore, it has been established that the Selkup material culture reflected in the folklore fairytales is archaic. Keywords: Selkups, local groups, folklore texts, hull method | 894 | |||||
187 | The article considers the relocation of the Altai held during XVIII–XX centuries. The first wave of migrants (until 1861) consisted mainly of Russian population. In the second stage (the end of the XIXth and early XXth century) Germans, Ukrainians, people from the Baltic regions came here. Belorussian immigrantion is also based on the number of Altai large settlements (from 100 to 900 people). However, Belarusians accustomed to the woods more likely inhabited taiga regions of Siberia and the Altai steppe was not so appealing. As a matter of fact their migration was not mass character here. Migrants from Belarussia chose not only similar in climatic characteristics areas for the new residence, but also the most familiar types of settlements – the hutors. Until 1920 their lived, one or more families of Belarusians. In 1914, in connection with the construction and operation of the railway Belarusians settled in industrial areas, in rail barracks and booths. Keywords: Altai, Belarusians, XIX–XX centuries, settlements | 891 | |||||
188 | In dialect space of the Komi language the dialect of the Kirov Permians which formation occurred in conditions of isolation from the basic area of distribution of the Komi dialects and strong influence of the surrounding Russian dialects, occupies a special place. The actual problem of the Komi dialectology is revealing of the basis and place of the given territorial-language version in the dialect continuum of the Komi language. The phonetic and morphological markers of the language of the Kirov Permians are considered, the analysis and comparison to language lines of the territorially close Zyryan and Permian dialects are of great importance for the solution of the given problem. The research is based on the materials collected by the author during several expeditions to the area of residing of the Kirov Permians in period from 2002 to 2012. Keywords: the Komi language, the Komi-Permian language, Kirov Permians, phonetics, morphol-ogy, linguistic markers | 891 | |||||
189 | The ethnographic description of national food the Komi’s vymskikh reflecting features of subethnic and religious character is presented in article. Ecological habit and economic activity predetermined grain and meat and dairy type of food with preservation of a share of trade production. In a grocery set three layers determined by time of inclusion in a food allowance are emitted. The main layer is presented by grain and vegetable crops, meat and a game, dairy and fish products. The basis of food was made by groat soups and porridges that were reflected in the collective name of food “soup porridge”. Bakery products differed in wealth and a variety. The everyday menu, except grain crops, included meat and dairy, fish dishes and a game, with small inclusions of vegetables and wild plants that testifies to the balanced food. Though meat and dairy and fish dishes not often appeared on a table that was connected with practice of observance of Christian posts which number reached over 200 days in a year. However the collective name of food meaning full life was defined how “with fish meat to live”. Substratny layer reflects earlier existing system of economy and is presented by wild plants which provided a vitamin component of a food allowance and brought a variety the menu. Last in time layer is connected with trade development, purchased products compensated for the deficiency of grocery raw materials. For the vymskikh of the Komi the thrice hot meals that were provided with existence by the Russian wind furnace were characteristic. The food was cooked in the Russian furnace early in the morning and remained there till the evening that allowed giving food hot at each reception. The balanced menu, is hotter than food and observance of the mode of meal acted as pledge of preservation of health. Keywords: Komi (Zyrians), vymsky Komi, grocery raw materials, traditional dishes | 887 | |||||
190 | This paper studies a modern Ukrainian novel using the approach worked out by so-called Memory studies. The use of commemoration in fiction is touched upon as well. The article presents the analyses of the novel “If” written by the famous Ukrainian novelist Iren Rozdobud'ko as a practice of the Soviet Union commemoration. The novel was chosen because of the strong and clear opposition of the Past and the Present that allows treating it as a kind of memory place. The work presented can be used as a basis for further analyses of fiction as a type of commemoration. It’s known that one of the most important types of commemoration is the use of the dates; the choice of the dates can influence much on the perception of the work. So, I. Rozdobud'ko emphases on the several events of the 1980s. They are the Olympic Games 1980 and the very beginning of the Afghanistan conflict. These historic events are presented in opposition: a happy one and a sad one. It should be underlined that the author uses no historic names and concrete dates. The other two events opposed are the cultural ones: the death of Vladimir Vysotskiy and so-called All-Union Saturday. While analyzing the work we have come to the conclusion the commemoration effect is reached by presenting the characters’ emotions and thoughts though their dialogues and the monologues of the main character Veronica. The main character, a thirty year old journalist Veronica Ivchenko found herself in 1980 when she was only seven. She perceived everything happened at the time being adult. It helps her to rethink all the events by the mind of an adult person. That leads her to the conclusion that the beginning of the Afghanistan conflict was more important for the people than the Olympic Game, the death of V. Vysotskiy shocked the society, but nobody remembered about the All-Union Saturday. We would like to note that the “entertaining material” used by I. Rozdobud'ko allowed to expose the moral degradation reasons of the modern society in the former Soviet Union countries in the early twenty-first century. Keywords: Memory studies, “places of memory”, commemoration, the collective memory | 886 | |||||
191 | The article includes some research results of the metalanguage reflection of German dialects of speakers living in Tomsk region, one of the Siberian regions of the Russian Federation. Research materials were collected through the implementation of field expeditions in rural settlements of Tomsk region, where a significant proportion of the population are Germans. The statements about the language of the informants are analyzed in this article; modeling of their experienced history of the usage of languages is carried out. The model, based on the analysis of the “subjective data”, provides a concept of relevant and irrelevant linguistic phenomena for the perception of bilingual German respondents, which allows following up the development of their language loyalty and language associations diachronically. Keywords: German dialects in Siberia, Russian Germans, language attitude, language biography | 886 | |||||
192 | The Teleut language belongs to the Esse-type languages, which express predicative possessive relations within nominal phrases. It employs three main strategies of predicative possession encoding according to the typology of L. Stassen: the locational possessive, the with-possessive and the topic possessive. The locational encoding strategy is typically used with an alienable possessee being the grammatical subject with the possessor in indirect locative case. The with-possessive encoding strategy is the syntactical inversion of the locative strategy; its main function is attributive. The most common predicative possessive encoding strategy in Teleut is the topic possessive with its variety – the genitive possessive. Verbal encoding strategy is expressed with the transitive verbs like ‘to keep’, ‘to hold’, ‘to receive’ etc. which have implicit semantics of possession. Keywords: Turkic languages, Teleut, possessive, predication; information structure and sentence form | 886 | |||||
193 | Based on the material of the ethnographic documentary «Country of Golds» by the classic of Soviet cinema, Amo Bek-Nazarov, the article considers the direction of artistic documentary as an example of visual and anthropological experiments in the USSR at the turn of the 1920–1930s. Analyzing archival data, director’s diaries, and contemporary testimonies, the author traces the evolution of the mentioned film project in connection with parallel processes in politics and cinema. In the period under study, Soviet filmmakers tested various visualization formats of ethnicity, constructing the Soviet myth of the peoples of the new Union freed by the revolution, which the party leadership needed. Based on an illustrative example of the work of director Amo Bek-Nazarov, the article traces the use of the capabilities of ethnographic cinema as a resource for creating effective on-screen images for traditional use: traditional life (the image of the «dark past») and innovations of socialism (the image of the «bright future»). As soon as the film «Country of Golds» is a kind of film text, consisting of approximately the same number of film frames and text captions alternating in the narrative, the method of analysis of the film was its research decoding – «translation» into text format. The article analyzes the potential of the cinema as a form of visual anthropology, and the film as a multicomponent historical source that displays the culture of the film being shot and shot, reflecting the silhouettes of culture and ideology of its time. Conclusions are drawn about the film «Country of Golds» as a multi-layered historical cinema source, and about the director’s creative methodology for combining documentary and artistic techniques in the process of ethno-cinematic work, as relevant for study and use in modern visual anthropological practice. Keywords: visual anthropology, anthropological cinema, Amo Bek-Nazarov, national politics, USSR | 885 | |||||
194 | This article is analyzed the system of accentuation in the first monographs on the Selkup language created by N. P. Grigorovsky. The considered material allows to draw the following conclusions: 1) Selkup stress in the nineteenth century has no fundamental difference from that in the XX century was recorded by A. P. Dulzon and his followers. 2) N. P. Grigorovsky, not being a linguist, in the XIX century has fixate in his books Ivankino Selkup dialect similar the linguists of the XX century, therefore his works are of great importance for studying the history of Selkup, and should be further investigated. Keywords: the Selkup language, N. P. Grigorovsky, accent system, Iwankino dialect | 882 | |||||
195 | Article raises the main questions connected with variability of language on the example of functioning of Spanish in the territory of the Mexican peninsula Yucatan. A language variation as process of linguistic change in itself is very difficult and subject to influence of a set of factors, often from each other not the dependent. In each certain Latin American country formation of the literary standards of Spanish happened differently. Spanish of Mexico and, in particular, the peninsula Yucatan – one of unique language educations not only because it is the largest Spanish-speaking country, but also a place where the stable all-Spanish kernel and dialect features caused by identity of the Mexican culture organically coexist. Spanish of Mexicans is national option of Spanish since compliance to functions of national option is peculiar to it: a rank official, existence of national literary norm, the status native for absolute number of inhabitants, performance of full volume of public functions and language and culture specifics. Spanish in the territory of the peninsula Yucatan significantly differs from norms of the Mexican national option of Spanish and has similarity with Cuban, Andalusia, Argentina, Verakruz. Also that the Maya language is now one of languages on which speaks the population of the peninsula Yucatan owing to what the Spanish informal conversation included many words from the Maya language. Considerable changes at the phonetic, grammatical and lexical levels are noted. Keywords: language variability, dialect, social status of Spanish, standard of the speech, Mexican national option of Spanish, peninsula Yucatan | 882 | |||||
196 | This article discusses the problem of interpretation of the cultural heritage of the Slavs within tour guiding activity of the First Museum of Slavic mythology. Interactive methods of work with tourists, as well as methods for engaging in joint action are analysed herein. Construction of the historical past in general and spiritual culture of the Slavs in particular is performed through the interpretation of works of art from the collection of the Museum. The museum's mission is not mainly focused on organisation of an interesting exhibition, but mainly on visitor engagement and exchange. Such task is carried out by means of specific techniques of revealing the content via interactive methods, when dialogical relationships are built between a visitor and an exposition, and methods of participation, when people simulate the surrounding reality themselves. Interactivity is achieved by creating a layer parallel to the conventional exposition. This layer includes models that can be touched and the so-called hands-on activities. For example, during the tour called “Native Gods and Heroes” visitors learn about the model of a traveling forge. They blow bellows, raise sledgehammer and put on a protective apron. Due to such hands-on activities museum visitors develop an understanding of how metal was forged in ancient times. Successful methods of immersion into the past are related to traditional crafts and participation in game practices where guests dress up, sing folk songs, dance in a round and taste traditional cuisine. In such projects it is crucial to give people an opportunity to be not only “consumers” or target audience, but also contributors to decision-making and organisation of cultural events, in other words, to the process of under-standing and realisation of cultural heritage. Keywords: Slavic cultural heritage, cultural heritage interpretation, museum pedagogics, guiding activity, museum exposition | 879 | |||||
197 | In this article, I will present data collected during the fieldwork in Khodz (Koshekhablsky District, Republic of Adygea, Russia). The participants (nine native speakers of Kuban dialect of Kabardian) were asked to solve several speech production tasks: – tell a story based on the picture to other participant; – read a prosaic text; – read a verse. Articulation rate was calculated as the number of syllables per second. Several measurements were made: average articulation rate of the different speakers during all tasks and average speech rate de pending on the utterance length. Spontaneous material considered, the average rate equaled 4,33 syllables per second with 95% confident interval equaled ±0,18 and standard deviation equaled 1,19. In (Fonagy, Magdics, 1960; Stepanova, 2011) it is reported a strong negative correlation between speech rate and the utterance length. Our data provide a small correlation (0,1252841 ± 0,07679026) between speech rate and the utterance length. All audio data were annotated using ELAN (v. 4.9.4); measurements were made using Praat (v. 5.3.16); all statistical inferences and visualization were made in R (v. 3.3.2). Keywords: Circassian languages, Kabardian, speech rate, speech production, text reading | 878 | |||||
198 | The article considers some forms of language interaction in terms of language contacts expansion in modern Russia. In the example of the Volgograd oblast it shows the changes of ethnic and linguocultural space of a separate region, manifested in the transformation of historically established ethnic proportions of the population; in the formation of a new ethnic balance; in increasing of variability of language contact and bilingualism types of closely and not closely related languages. The article sets a general trend towards oral communication hybridization in the multilingual environment. It also concludes that this trend is manifested in the activation of hybrid lexemes formed according to the Russian derivational and inflectional models and operating mainly in the field of household communication. There is also a trend towards the use of hybrid lexemes in the mass media. The authors identify extralinguistic and linguistic factors that significantly affect the appearance of new lexemes in the process of language contacts. Keywords: language situation, migration, language contacts, borrowings, hybrid lexemes | 878 | |||||
199 | This article deals with traditional customs of guesthood and hospitality typical for the Selkup culture. The analysis rests on the materials of folk Selkup literature, which reveals the main rules of guesthood and hospitality, as well as the materials of ethnographic observations (including I. A. Korobeynikova’s (one of the authors) reminiscences of her childhoood). The article presents the analysis of terms of greeting and farewell common to the Selkups living in Parabel-Narym (chumylkup) dialect areal in the middle of the XX-th century. The study leads to the conclusion that they are likely to have been borrowed from the neighbouring peoples cultures (the Khanty, the Tatars, the Russians). Keywords: the Selkups, etiquette, hospitality, norms of conduct when visiting sb, the terms of greeting and farewell, way of proper treatment to the respected people | 878 | |||||
200 | This article deals with the problem of the reconstruction of the emphatic element, element of negative polarity and negative element |-naj|. The research is based on the materials on the southern and northern dialects of Selkup language. First of all, the negative element |-naj| which manifests itself as an integral part of negative pronouns and adverbs, is the product of the second outcome – grammaticalization of the corresponding emphatic element |-naj|. So, in its turn, it is supposed that the emphatic element |-naj| is the result of the merging of two elements: some pronoun (or stem of some pronoun) |-nɛ| and the corresponding emphatic particle |-aj|. Moreover, being of emphatic nature, the element |-naj| (as well as |-aj|) probably can merge with other elements producing new lexemes with new meanings, for example: southern Selkup |olanej| ‘so’; northern Selkup |nɨnaj| ‘again, at once’. Keywords: Selkup language, reconstruction, emphasis, negation | 877 |