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1 | The system of cultural codes of human communities and the mechanisms of self-determination of the individual human beings in them has long been problematic. This is a everyday life problem for a person. This is also a problem for the researcher, whose interests lie in the existential properties of human nature. The essence of this problem can be summarized as a permanent interaction of three antagonistic processes. The first – the formation of cultural skills from early childhood, which are fixed at the level of reflections. The second – the formation of cultural skills for the communication in other cultural environments. And the third – the aspiration to preserve own unique “Ego” with respect to any culture. The paper investigates the possibility of capturing in archaeological material of not only the information about the large societies (archaeological cultures or cultural-historical communities), but also the information about individuals, albeit nameless ones. The hard canons of traditions suppress individuality, but can in an unexpected way highlight it. It may occur in an attempt of self-identification of a man, who found himself in another cultural environment, through proprietary codes. For example, an unusual object in the grave is a sign of personal history. Or if the subject is from another culture, the burial complex with quite ordinary objects may represent the sign of intravital psychological and cultural duality of the buried. The buried who as such has not been released from the memories of the culture lost. Hypothetical constructs in the paper are based on the facts of inclusions from other cultures in the funeral complex of Alakul repository Mitan in Central Kazakhstan. Keywords: cultural code, archaeology, funeral complex, ceramic, existence, self-identification | 1212 | ||||
2 | In the article are expound the results of research of the process of changes in the composition of ornamental supertext of Andronovo cultural-historical community (ACHC). The research was carried out in the territorial, cultural and, partly, chronological contexts. As the most sensitive markers of this process it is proposed to consider such groups of ornamental figures, like «diamonds», «step pyramid», «swastika» and «Siberian wave». The study was conducted in the framework of the problem of the Genesis of Andronovo cultures. It was assumed that the degree of concentration of the selected shapes on the map ACHC will be able to mark the areals of the formation of Alakul and, above all, the Fedorov culture. Keywords: Andronovo ornamentation, genesis, the epicenters of origin, the regions of distribution, pre-Andronovo ornamentation | 1114 | ||||
3 | A set of methods built on the main property of patterns of symmetry was developed and successfully applied by the author in the analysis of Andronovo and Sintashta complexes. In this article is taken the first attempt of application of simmetrometria for ornamental complexes of a different era and a different tradition. The ground for testing became some series of ornamented vessels from the burial grounds of Tomsk Ob river area TKM-I and TKM-II. This experience should provide reasons to assume that the methods of symmetrometria more universal, than previously thought. Keywords: ornament, symmetry, bronze age, early middle ages | 846 | ||||
4 | Unique in dimension, composition and preservation the burial ground Firsovo-XIV (Altai Krai) was studied twice by continuous excavations (1987–1996, 2010–2011). Were carry out the study referred to as symmetriometria of ornamental complexes of the bronze age from the ceramic vessels of each of these excavation periods. Despite the considerable difference between the two arrays of ornamental texts (555 borders against 216), the similarity of the forms of the symmetrogramms was close to maximum. Results of the research, on the one hand, confirmed the rule of the minimum selection, whose excess doesn't influence the statistics, but, on the other hand, the study left unresolved the problem of inexplicable stability of combinatorial order of types of symmetry in ornamental complexes of archaeological cultures. Besides, symmetric "copiright" Firsova-XIV is very unusual for a “Fyodorovsky culture” to which this complex formally belongs. Keywords: the Bronze Age, Fyodorovsky culture, ornamental complex, symmetriometria, «copiright » of culture | 928 |