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ANCIENT MIGRATIONS OF SAMOYEDS AND YENISEIANS IN LIGHT OF GENETIC DATA // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 79-96

Analysis of the distribution of genetic haplogroups reveals the homeland of these groups and clarifies the direction of migrations of the genetic ancestors of the modern Samoyedic and Yeniseian people. This article examines migrations of ancient Samoyeds and Yeniseians based on the analysis of Y-chromosome markers. The main male haplogroup of Samoyeds is a genetic haplogroup N1b. Ancient Samoyeds migrated from Sayan to the Lower Ob region along the Yenisei River. Samoyeds then migrated from the north to the south along the Ob River. These results are thus, a confirmation of the so-called Sayan theory, according to which Sayan region is a place of origin of Samoyeds. Ancient migrations of Yeniseian people are marked by haplogroup Q1a3. This group is represented with a frequency of 84% in the gene pool of Kets. Genetic ancestors of Kets migrated from Sayan to the north along the Yenisei River. In their majority, Selkups also share the haplogroup Q (66.4%). Thus, the core component of the gene pool of Selkups is the component that is related to that of Kets. Genetic ancestors of Selkups are ancient migrants from the south of Central Asia (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan). Reconstruction of ancient migrations of Samoyeds and Yeniseians suggests that haplogroup Q1a3 could be present in the Samus culture and other cultures of the Middle and Upper Ob. Genetic data correlates well with the archaeological and linguistic methods. Conclusion. The use of genetic data can more accurately identify the ancient migrations of the populations and verify various existing hypotheses based on linguistic and archaeological data.

Keywords: genetics, archeology, Samoyeds, Yeniseians, Selkups, Samus culture, crestdimple pottery culture, haplogroups, Ob region, Western Siberia

GENE POOL OF SOUTH SELKUPS IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2015. Issue 4 (10). P. 109-122

At the present time, population genetics has taken only the first steps in the study of the gene pool of the Southern Selkup. As a result of expeditions, data were obtained on the composition of male lineages of South Selkups. These data allow to solve a some problems of the ethnogenesis of this people. This article describes the structure of the gene pool of the Southern Selkup from data on Y-chromosome polymorphism. It is concluded that the spread of genetic lineages showed near-perfect correspondence with certain territories and ethnic groups of Southern Selkup. The article reveals the territorial origin of the genetic lineages and gives an approximate dating of the emergence of these lineages on the territory of the Narym Ob. There are suggestions that genetic lineages connect with carriers of certain archaeological cultures. It is concluded that the presence of most of the genetic lineages in the territory of Narym Ob to be dated already in pre-Kulai era.

Keywords: South Selkup, Narym Ob, genetics, history, archeology

TELEUT ALLOGENEOUS VOLOST (UPRAVA) OF THE TOMSK DISTRICT IN 18TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: TERRITORIAL, DEMOGRAPHIC AND RELIGIOUS CHANGES // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2021. Issue 1 (31). P. 188-205

The problem of the formation and development of the Teleut foreign volost (government) of the Tomsk district, where Kalmaks lived, is still poorly understood. The consequence of which were repeated errors and inaccuracies in the interpretation of the territorial, demographic and religious processes related to this sub-ethnic group. In a number of works by modern Siberian ethnographers and historians, there are inaccuracies that sometimes distort the historical picture of the formation of settlements of the Teleut volost, their connection with demographic and religious processes. The source base of the study was archival documents, statistical materials, items from the personal collection of Yurga local historians, as well as the results of a genetic study of Kalmaks of various faiths. The methodological basis of the work is the civilizational approach and the dualistic theory of the ethnos of Y. Bromley, which are based on theoretical and empirical research methods. This article makes a significant adjustment to the definition of the boundaries of the first settlements of “outgoing Teleuts” (Kalmaks) and their descendants, the time of foundation and localization of settlements. The first settlement of Kalmaks was Konstantinovskie (Teleutskie) Yurts on the right bank of the Tom. The article analyzes demographic and religious changes. The process of conversion to Islam and Orthodoxy of Kalmaks took place in the middle of the 18th century. It is shown that the formation of the Teleut volost in the 60s of the 18th century is associated with the general process of creating new allogeneous volosts from groups of Service Tatars. The conclusion is made that despite serious religious differentiation and partial assimilation of Kalmaks, their number increased. The article concludes that the time of existence of the Teleut allogeneous volost (uprava) of the Tomsk district is the period of completion of the ethnogenesis of Kalmaks. Late 19th — early 20th centuries characterized by an even greater rapprochement between the Muslim-Kalmaks and the Tomsk Tatars and the beginning of the stage of the formation of the cultural homogeneity of the community of Muslim Tatars in the Tomsk Ob region. Since the end of the existence of its own administrative-territorial unit, the question of preserving the Kalmaks as a separate subethnos has become aggravated.

Keywords: Tomsk, Tomsk uezd, Teleut volost, «outgoing Teleuts», Kalmaks, Siberian Tatars, ethnogenesis