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REFLECTION TIME IN THE KHAKASS FOLKLORE TEXTS // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2017. Issue 4 (18). P. 112-119

The present article is devoted to the identification and analysis of standard phrases that reflect the time in the Khakass folklore texts, in particular in the texts of folk tales and heroic tales. Despite the fact that folk tales and heroic sagas belong to different genres of folklore, the authors were able to identify similar meaning, reflect a long time in folk texts. In the analysis of these sentences the focus of the authors was drawn to the frequency of use of standard phrases, pairs of adverbs in the folklore texts, also for the variable use of certain structures. The main result of this article is to define the means of expressing the category of time in the Khakass folklore texts.

Keywords: category of time, Khakas folklore texts, standard phrases, adverbs

DEICTIC LOCATIVE ADVERBS IN KHAKAS LANGUAGE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2020. Issue 2 (28). P. 90-96

This article presents the results of the study of deictic locative adverbs in the Khakass language. Deictic locative adverbs, like other demonstrative words, characterize the position of an object by the degree of proximity to the speaking person ("deictic center"). Each language has its own (binomial, trinomial and more) system of division of space with respect to the deictic center. In Khakass, the position of an object in space relative to the speaker is determined through a three-membered system: proximal ("closer to the speaking face"), medial ("slightly farther from the speaking face"), and extreme ("far from the speaking face"). Each system includes locative, adlocative, delocative, and translocative values. Locative deictic adverbs perform the function of the Union of words in the composition biprediction designs place. In the sentence, these adverbs play the role of the circumstance of place. In addition, some dialects of the extreme deixis are used for the development of temporal values.

Keywords: deixis, anaphora, deictic locative adverbs, adverbs of proximal, medial and extreme deixis, Khakass language

DEICTIC PRONOUNS IN THE KHAKASS LANGUAGE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2021. Issue 4 (34). P. 102-110

This article presents the results of a study of deictic (demonstrative) pronouns in the Khakass language. Deictic pronouns, like other demonstrative words, act as words that serve to determine the degree of remoteness of the object relative to the position of the speaker ("deictic center"). Each language has its own (binomial, three-term, and more) system for determining the degree of remoteness of the subject relative to the deictic center. In the Khakass language, the degree of remoteness of objects relative to the speaking person is determined through a three-term system: proximal ("closer to the speaking person"), medial ("slightly further from the speaking person") and extreme ("far from the speaking person"). In addition, deictic pronouns serve to develop a temporal meaning. In the sentence, the deictic pronouns are assigned the role of the definition and the circumstance of time.

Keywords: deictic pronouns-nouns, deictic pronouns-adjectives, deictic pronouns-numerals, proximal demonstrative, medial demonstrative, extreme demonstrative, Khakass language

DEICTIC PARTICLES IN THE KHAKASS LANGUAGE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2022. Issue 2 (36). P. 77-89

This article presents the results of a study of deictic (indicative) particles in the Khakass language. Deictic particles, like other indicative words, act as words that serve to determine the degree of remoteness of an object relative to the position of the speaker (“deictic center”). Each language has its own (binomial, trinomial and more) system for determining the degree of remoteness of the subject relative to the deictic center. In the Khakass language, the degree of remoteness of objects relative to the speaking person is determined through a threeterm system: proximal (“closer to the speaking person”), medial (“a little further from the speaking person”) and extreme (“far from the speaking person”). Unlike deictic locative adverbs and pronouns, deictic particles have a convergence of medial and extreme deixis: for the mna particle, the near deixis is the key, and for tigine and ana, the far deixis is the key. In addition, these particles are often used together with the corresponding series of deictic adverbs, deictic pronouns and other words to clarify the idea of indication, general assessment of the situation, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the object, etc. An anaphoric function is characteristic of the particle ana in combination with words expressing a spatial and temporal interval.

Keywords: deictic particles, clarifying function, general assessment of the situation, accentuating function, anaphoric function, Khakass language

Conditional Bipredicative Constructions in the Khakass Language // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2023. Issue 1 (39). P. 86-101

Based on the modern Khakass language material, this article describes the accepted structural-semantic types of bipredicative structures with the semantics of conditions. Many issues related to the description of complex sentences in the Khakass language have not yet been adequately addressed, which determines the relevance of this study. The article aims to identify and describe the structural and semantic types of conditional bipredicative constructions in the modern Khakass language. A solid selection of examples from works of fiction and folklore texts in the Khakass language served as research material. As a result of the conducted research, the author concludes that three models of bipredicative constructions with a dependent predicative unit of the condition can be distinguished in the Khakass language. The relationship between the main and dependent parts of the bipredicative constructions is established by the common Turkic conditional form =sa (and its phonetic variants) and analytic conditionals with the service word creep 'to be, to become.' Based on semantic features, conditional constructions in the Khakass language are divided into real-conditional and unreal-conditional. Real-conditional constructions are characterized by the fact that the condition in its dependent part is considered by the speaker as really feasible, and unreal-conditional constructions – as not feasible. In real-conditional constructions, the predicate of the main part is represented by the forms of the indicative, the imperative, and the optative, and in unreal-conditional constructions – by the form of the subjunctive mood.

Keywords: syntax, Khakass language, conditional constructions, bipredicative construction, real-conditional construction, unreal-conditional construction

The Image of the Family in the Paremiological Worldview of the Khakass // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2024. Issue 3 (45). P. 63-72

This article is devoted to the description of Khakass proverbs and sayings that depict the image of a family and family relationships. Currently, many issues related to the description of the image of the family through paremic expressions in the Khakass language have not yet been adequately addressed, which determines the relevance of this study. The authors have concluded that the image of the family is widespread in Khakass proverbs and sayings. It is found in the images of bride/groom, husband/wife, father/mother, children, and brother/sister. The images of bride and groom are represented by the traditional marriage customs of the Khakass, in which the seok (clan) plays an important role. The relationship between husband and wife is governed by behavioral norms based on the principles of equality, friendship, love, and loyalty to each other. Mothers and fathers act as role models for their children, who often inherit their character traits and habits. The mother’s image is endowed with warm qualities and seems more significant than the image of the father, whom his children and relatives respect. Children, brothers, and sisters are the main components of family relationships in Khakass paremiology. The theme of children in Khakass paremiology is emphasized by the emotional and evaluative aspect of perceiving a child as an object of love and tenderness on the one hand and as a manifestation of parental disappointment and bitterness in response to their indifference on the other. The difficulties of bringing up children are addressed, as is the problem of childlessness against the background of the value of a large family. The brother’s image is endowed with the role of protector and supporter of the family, as is that of the sister – with kindness, tenderness, and responsiveness. The preservation of the ethnocultural constants of the traditional Khakass worldview, which represents the highest value of the integrity of the family and the clan, must be observed. The image of the family in Khakass society consists of adherence to the basic principles of mutual help, support, respect for each other, honoring the elders, and caring for the younger ones.

Keywords: image of the family, image of children, proverbs and sayings, paroemia, marital relations, kinship relations, Khakass language