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SETTLEMENT NOVOZYKOVO 3 (COMPLEX OF EARLY MIDDLE AGES) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2019. Issue 1 (23). P. 124-135

The article is devoted to the publication of materials of the Bystryanskaya archaeological culture from a multi-layer settlement Novozykovo 3, located in the foothill area of the Altai Krai, 408 sq. m. of which have been studied. The material related to the Maiminskaya archaeological culture have been singled out typologically and planigraphically. They are the dwelling, household building, ceramic and object complexes. The most representative is the ceramic complex presented both, by fragments of ceramics and reconstructed vessels. Its detailed description has been given including characteristics of morphological features (forms of body, bottom and mouth), ornamental elements, ornamental motifs and ornamental compositions. The ceramics complex is divided into three groups. The first is represented by the Maiminskaya ceramics (flat-bottomed bowls and pots with a spherical body, ornamented with pits, smooth stamps and irregular-shaped pins with simple ornamental compositions), the second reflects very close interaction with representatives of Odintsovo culture (well-profiled round-bottomed pots with a spherical body, decorated with pits, smooth and comb stamps with complex ornamental compositions), the third – with nail ornament (pot-shaped vessel with a well-defined neck, a spherical body, a thick flat bottom, slightly curved inwards, ornamented with three varieties of finger ornament, which accompanies almost all the complexes of Maiminskaya ceramics. Novozykovskii stage in the development of the Mayminskaya culture has been identified. The chronological frame has been defined both by the object inventory and the characteristics of the ceramic complex as the VI – VIII centuries A.D. The authors have presented their point of view on the chronology of the Mayminskaya archaeological culture (the I century B.C. – the VIII century A.D.). The material is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Keywords: Settlement, ceramics, culture, foothills, Early Middle Ages

RECONSTRUCTION OF SOME SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ODINTSOVSKAYA CULTURE SETTLEMENT // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2020. Issue 4 (30). P. 96-106

The article is aimed at a retrospective social reconstruction of the inhabitants of one ancient settlement – Soshnikovo1, which belongs to the Soshnikovskii stage of the Odintsovskaya culture (the second half of the 4th – the first half of the 5th century). On the basis of historiographic data with the involvement of paleogenetic reconstructions, it has been assumed that the inhabitants of the reconstructed settlement belonged to the Samoyed ethnic group. Following on the ethnographic materials, the authors derived the average data characterizing both individual demographic indicators and some stratification positions. These averaged data were applied to the planigraphic information obtained by archaeological methods in the study of settlement Soshnikovo 1. As a result of a comprehensive study involving ethnographic, paleogenetic and archaeological data, a conclusion has been made about the social organization of the ancient village inhabitants. The inhabitants of the village lived in brotherly families. According to the ethnographic data, the average number of members in one family was about 14 people. On the basis of the average number of families and the average area of the dwelling, an average area of living space per 1 person — about 1.8 sq. m. — has been calculated. The total number of inhabitants of the settlement belonging to all age and sex groups was about 148 people. The planigraphy of the dwelling is characterised by its division into 2 parts: the holy part — for men, guests, located behind the hearth at the far wall of the dwelling and the unclean part — for women, household activities, behind-the-threshold zone. This is evidenced by the accumulation of household equipment (ceramics) in the pre-entrance zone of the dwelling pits. The planigraphic analysis of the ancient settlement made it possible to support the previously stated hypothesis about the demarcation-social, rather than fortification-defensive function of the moat-rampart division line and the presence of certain layers of dependent population, which allows us to speak about the existence of a rigid system of vertical stratification. The involvement of ethnographic data resulted in putting forward a hypothesis about the system of household management and the existence of certain types of land ownership. The article opens discussion on the issue and aims at testing the proposed methodology for its subsequent use when carrying out reconstructions of larger scale on the basis of sufficiently representative planigraphic material of the settlements in the forest-steppe Altai, which belonged, most likely, to Samoyed people and can be related to the final stages of the Kulaiskaya and Odintsovskaya cultures.

Keywords: archaeology, ethnography, paleogenetics, social organization, family, dwelling, de-mography, stratification, reconstruction