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THE SONG TRADITION OFTHESIBERIAN UDMURTS IN HISTORICAL DYNAMICS (BASED ON EXPEDITION MATERIALS OF 1974, 2001, 2003, 2006) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2022. Issue 1 (35). P. 157-171

The article deals with the local musical and song tradition of Udmurtsof Chainsky district of Tomsk region that belong to the Siberian group of Udmurts. The overwhelming majority of Udmurts migrated therefrom Sharkansky district. They moved to Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century and preserved their identity in a non-ethnic environment for a long time. Nevertheless, by the beginning of the 21st century their song tradition began to fade under the influence of various factors. The purpose of the article is to analyze different song genres of Udmurt people from Tomsk region in their historical dynamics (expeditions of 1974, 2001, 2003, 2006). The main audiocollection of musical tradition ofthe Siberian Udmurts is stored in the Scientific Archive of the Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was gathered during expeditions of 1974 and 2006. The author of the article discovered new material — video recording of song tradition of examined territory. It allowed using more song samples. The methodology of the work is dictated by its task. The author uses a philological approach, which includes a plot-thematic analysis of the poetic text. Similar genres of the indigenous tradition were involved to identify the overall picture of the song genre system of the Siberian Udmurts. The earliest expedition found the largest number of recorded songs — there were 7 ritual (wedding, recruiting) and 17 non-ritual songs (lyrical and one comic song in Russian). The other expeditions recorded one sample of a wedding tune (2001 and 2006) and a guest song of late formation (2001, 2003, and 2006) that was not recorded before. Later trips also revealed a smaller number of non-ritual songs (3 songs in 2003 and 5 songs in 2006). However, they completely coincide with the repertoire of the earliest expedition. A large number of lyrical songs recorded during the first trip can be explained by the feelings of people: state of anguish and loss of their homeland, loss of parents and/or children (many people could not endure the way to Siberia). The analysis of the lyrics of both traditions (migrated “Chainsky” and native “Sharkan”) allowed us to identify the main motives: the text of Chainsky version of s'uan gur (the wedding chant of the groom's relatives) reflects older images associated with a natural, uncultured locus. Seeing off chants (kelis' gur / s'uan kyrdzhan) in Sharkan versions are performed with the traditional motive of separation, while in Chainsky songs the motive of involuntary marriage is emphasized. In the texts of recruiting tunes and lyrical songs of Chainsky tradition the emotional component is strengthened, that is probably directly related with the state of longing for native motherland.

Keywords: Siberian Udmurt, Tomsk oblast, migrants, musical folklore, original tradition, comparative analysis