Dufon [oa] in the Karaidel Dialect of the Northwestern Dialect of the Bashkir Language
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2024-2-21-34
This article examines the articulatory-acoustic features of the vowel type [a] of the Karaidel dialect of the Bashkir language. The study's relevance arises from the fact that the phonetic system of the Bashkir language has so far been described mainly based on the researcher's observations and auditory perception. In this context, we are faced with the task of determining the characteristics of phonemes and their allophones with the help of modern recordings in WAV format and using new techniques and computer programs. The study aims to present a detailed analysis of the quality of the vowel type [a] in monosyllabic lexemes in anlaut and medial positions in the Karaidel dialect of the northwestern dialect of the Bashkir language. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that, for the first time, the experimental acoustic method is used to describe the vowel phoneme [a]. The work is based on expedition recordings made by the author in 2022–2023 in the settlements of the Karaidel region in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The recording and decoding were carried out using a unique phonetic technique. The acoustic analysis was carried out using the Speech Analyzer 3.0.1 computer program. The description follows the methodology used in the Laboratory for Experimental Phonetic Research named after. V. M. Nadelyaev Institute of Philology SB RAS. In the main part of the article, an analysis of the vowel [a] in anlaut (VC) and inlaut (CVC) positions in such monosyllabic words as ay 'moon, month,' may 'butter, fat' and mal 'cattle' in the pronunciation of four informants are presented. Previous Bashkir researchers classified the variant of the phoneme [a] in these positions in Karaidel and other dialects of the northwestern dialect of the Bashkir language as labialized 'a°' or as 'o' with the element 'a'. According to our experimental phonetic studies, the vowel 'a' at the beginning of words and in the first closed syllables was recorded as a complex two-component sound 'oa,' called a dufon (by N.S. Urtegeshev), which consists of two elements: the first is a guttural-rounded type 'o', and the second is a gutturalunrounded type 'a'.
Keywords: Bashkir language, Karaidel subdialect, two-component vowel sound, dufon, allophone
References:
1. Mirzhanova S. F. Severo-zapadnyy dialekt bashkirskogo yazyka [Northwestern dialect of the Bashkir language (formation and current state)]. Ufa: Bashk. book publishing house, 1991. 295 p. (in Russian).
2. Severo-zapadnyy dialekt bashkirskogo yazyka nauchnyy otchet dialektologicheskoy ekspeditsii 1954 goda [Northwestern dialect Bashkir language scientific report dialectological expeditions of 1954]. Ufa, 2008. 372 p. (in Bashkir).
3. Baishev T. G. Bashkirskiye dialekty v ikh otnoshenii k literaturnomu yazyku [Bashkir dialects in their relation to the literary language]. M.: Publishing house Mosk. Univ., 1955. 112 p. (in Russian).
4. Slovar’ govorov bashkirskogo yazyka v 3 tomakh [Dictionary of dialects of the Bashkir language in 3 volumes. Vol. 3] / ed. S. F. Mirzhanova. Ufa, 1987. 232 p. (in Bashkir).
5. Dialektologicheskiy slovar’ bashkirskogo yazyka [Dialectological dictionary of the Bashkir language]. Ufa: Kitap, 2002. 432 p. (in Bashkir).
6. Dialektologicheskiy atlas bashkirskogo yazyka [Dialectological atlas of the Bashkir language]. Ufa: Gilem, 2005. 234 p., 169 maps (in Bashkir).
7. Khisamitdinova F. G. Istoriya bashkirskogo yazyka: materialy po istoricheskoy fonetike [History of the Bashkir language: Materials on historical phonetics]. Ufa: Bashk. ped.-t, 1989. 84 p. (in Russian).
8. Shakurov R. Z. Bashkirskaya dialektologiya: uchebnoye posobiye [Bashkir dialectology: a textbook]. Ufa: Kitap, 2012. 240 p. (in Bashkir).
9. Yuldashev A. A. Dialekty bashkirskogo yazyka [Dialects of the Bashkir language]. In: Dialekty tyurkskikh azykov: ocherki [Dialects of Turkic languages: essays]. M: Ed. company “Oriental Literature” RAS, 2010. P. 121–156 (in Russian).
10. Materialy dialektologicheskikh ekspeditsiy po severo-zapadnym rayonam Respubliki Bashkortostan [Materials of dialectological expeditions in the north-western regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan] / Abdullina G. R., Isyangulova G. A., Karabaev M. I., Khusnutdinova R. Ya. Ufa: Samrau, 2021. 415 р. (in Bashkir).
11. Ishkildina L. K., Valieva M. R. Programma dlya sbora dialektnogo materiala po karaidel’skomu govoru severo-zapadnogo dialekta bashkirskogo yazyka (fonetika, morfologiya) [A program for collecting dialect material on the Karaidel dialect of the northwestern dialect of the Bashkir language (phonetics, morphology)]. Ufa: IIAL UFITs RAS, 2023. 68 p. (in Russan).
12. Urtegeshev N. S. Foniko-fonologicheskaya sistema shorskogo yazyka v yuzhnosibirskom tyurkskom kontekste [Phonicsphonological system of the Shor language in the South Siberian Turkic context: diss. ... Dr. Phil. Sci.]. Novosibirsk, 2021. 583 p. (in Russian).
13. Urtegeshev N. S. Uklad yazyka v rotovoy polosti kak dopolnitel’naya artikulyatsiya glasnykh [The structure of the tongue in the oral cavity as an additional articulation of vowels] // Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal [Siberian Journal of Philology]. 2023. No. 1. P. 226–242 (in Russian).
14. Urtegeshev N. S. Raneye ne opisannyy tip glasnykh: dufony [A previously undescribed type of vowel: duphones] // Yazyki i fol’klor korennykh narodov Sibiri [Languages and folklore of the indigenous peoples of Siberia]. 2022. No. 1 (iss. 43). P. 73–81 (in Russian).
15. Ishkildina L. K. Glasnyy tipa "a" v ayskom govore vostochnogo dialekta bashkirskogo yazyka [Vowel type “a” in the Ai dialect of the eastern dialect of the Bashkir language] // Academic humanities in the 20th – early 21st centuries: achievements, trends and development prospects. Ufa: IIAL UFITs RAS, 2022. P. 228–235 (in Russian).
Issue: 2, 2024
Series of issue: Issue 2
Rubric: LINGUISTICS
Pages: 21 — 34
Downloads: 160