HOMELAND in the Linguistic Image of the World in Siberian Languages
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2024-2-46-57
The following article analyzes the concept of HOMELAND in the Siberian Turkic languages (Altai, Khakas, Tuvan, Yakut) and Khanty (an Ob-Ugric language), in contrast to the Mongolian languages. Compared to Russian, where HOMELAND encompasses the ‘small homeland’ and the ‘large homeland’ as a state, the concept of HOMELAND is still developing in the Siberian languages, partly under the influence of Russian linguaculture. In the Siberian and Mongolian linguistic images of the world, the homeland is represented as an idealized space (both physical and spiritual) conquered by the ancestors. The notion of homeland is associated with birth (the land where a person was born and their afterbirth was buried), kinship (homeland as a parent, metaphorical connection with the homeland through the umbilical cord), objects that mark one’s ‘own’ space (rivers, mountains, meadows, forests, campsites, hearths). Also important are the national characteristics and qualities attributed to the homeland by native speakers (junipers, healing springs, richness of flora and fauna, abundance of people). Emotional components of the concept are also essential and are verbalized through expressions that positively characterize the homeland. We distinguish common and unique national features of the concept of HOMELAND in the languages mentioned above. For example, HOMELAND is defined in all languages as the land where someone was born and raised; the idea of kinship with the land is also universal, as is the sacralization of space and the presence of a body of water. In the descriptions of the Altai, certain similarities can be found between the linguistic worldviews of Altaic and Mongolian (frequent epithets such as ‘sacred,’ ‘golden,’ and ‘healing’). Certain unique somatisms and verbs characterizing the homeland as an anthropomorphic being are found in different Turkic languages.
Keywords: Siberian Turkic languages, Khanty language, Mongolian languages, linguistic worldview, concept, linguaculture, lexis
References:
1. Tyuntesheva E. V., Bayyr-ool A. V., Ozonova A. A., Shagdurova O. Yu., Tazranova A. R., Fedina N. N., Koshkareva N. B., Nevskaya I. A., Shentsova I. V., Gorbunova V. A., Struchkova Ya. V. Zhiznennoe prostranstvo i dukhovnyy mir cheloveka cherez prizmu yazykov Sibiri [The living space and the spiritual world of man through the prism of the languages of Siberia]. Novosibirsk: Akademizdat, 2021. 300 p. (in Russian).
2. Sodnompilova M. M. Kontsept rodina v kul’ture mongol’skikh narodov [The concept of Homeland in the culture of the Mongolian peoples] // Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [Ethnographic Review]. 2007. No. 3. P. 124–134 (in Russian).
3. Golikova T. A. Etnokul’turologicheskoe soderzhanie kontsepta «Altay»: materialy k slovaryu [Ethnocultural content of the concept «Altai»: materials for the dictionary] // Yazykovoe bytie cheloveka i etnosa: psikholingvisticheskiy i kognitivnyy aspekty: materialy IV Mezhdunarodnykh Berezinskikh chteniy [Linguistic existence of a person and an ethnic group: psycholinguistic and cognitive aspects. Materials of the IV International Berezinsky Readings]. Iss. 14. M.: INION RAN, MGLU, 2008. P. 47–55 (in Russian).
4. Dyachkovsky F. N., Popova N. I. Alaas kak kontsept yakutskoy lingvokul’tury [Alaas as a concept of Yakut linguoculture] // Uralo-altayskie issledovaniya [Ural-Altai studies]. 2014. No. 1 (12). P. 58–66 (in Russian).
5. Chugunekova A. N. Kontsept ChIR (‘zemlya’) v yazykovoy kartine mira khakasov [The concept of CHIR (‘earth') in the linguistic picture of the Khakass world] // Mir nauki, kul’tury, obrazovaniya [The world of science, culture, and education]. 2017. No. 3 (64). P. 338–342 (in Russian).
6. Borgoiakova T. G. Chelovek i ego prostranstvo v khakasskom yazykovom soznanii [A person and his social space in the Khakass languages consciousness] // Tomskiy zhurnal lingvisticheskikh i antropologicheskikh issledovaniy (Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology). 2017. No. 3 (17). P. 50–57 (in Russian). doi: 10.23951/2307-6119-2017-3-50-57
7. Mongush A. A., Bavuu-Syuryun M. V. Leksicheskie reprezentatsii kontsepta «Rodina» v stikhotvornykh tekstakh tuvinskikh pisateley [Lexical representations of the concept of «Motherland» in poetic texts of Tuvan writers] // Yazyki I fol’klor korennykh narodov Sibiri [Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia]. 2020. No. 2 (iss. 40). P. 106–117 (in Russian). doi: 10.25205/2312-6337-2020-2-106-117
8. Solovar V. N. Khantyysko-russkiy slovar’ (kazymskiy dialekt) [Khanty-Russian dictionary (Kazym dialect)]. A. A. Burykin (Ed.). Novosibirsk: izdatel’stvo SO RAN, 2020. 689 p. (in Russian).
9. Drevnetyurkskiy slovar’ [Ancient Turkic dictionary]. V. M. Nadelayev, D. M. Nasilov, E. R. Tenishev, A. M. Sherbak (Eds.). Leningrad, Nauka, 1969. 676 p. (in Russian).
10. Khakassko-russkiy slovar’ [Khakas-Russian dictionary]. O. V. Subrakova (Ed.). Novosibirsk, 2006. 1112 p. (in Russian).
11. Burnakov V. A. Voda v traditsionnom mirovozzrenii khakasov: obraz i simvol (konets XIX – XX в.) [Water in the traditional worldview of the khakases: image and symbol (late XIX – mid XX century)] // Narody i religii Evrazii [Nations and religions of Eurasia]. 2019. No. 3 (20). P. 86–100 (in Russian).
12. Tadina N. A. Reka kak obraz rodiny u altaytsev [The river as an image of the homeland of the Altaians] // Reki i narody Sibiri: sbornik nauchnykh statey [Rivers and peoples of Siberia: collection of scientific articles]. SPb.: Nauka, 2007. P. 151–159 (in Russian).
13. Kümüs abdyrachakh. Khakas chonynyŋ nymakhtary paza kip-chookhtary. Serebryanaya shkatulka: khakasskie narodnye skazki i legendy [Silver Casket: Khakass folk tales and legends]. Abakan, 2018.106 p. (in Russian).
14. Esenova T. S. Lingvokul’turnyy kontsept «Rodina» v yazykovom soznanii russkikh i kalmykov [The linguistic and cultural concept of «Homeland» in the linguistic consciousness of Russians and Kalmyks] // Gumanitarnye issledovaniya. Zhurnal fundamental’nykh i prikladnykh issledovaniy [Humanitarian studies. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Research].2009. No. 3 (31). P. 38–44 (in Russian).
15. Sanzhina D. D. Zemlya v yazykovoy kartine mira mongoloyazychnykh narodov [The Earth in the linguistic picture of the world of the Mongolian-speaking peoples] / URL:http://www.ayk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/SANJINA-DarimaСАНЖИНА-Дарима-Земля-в-языковой-картине-мира-монголоязычных-народов.pdf (accessed: 10.10.2023) (in Russian).
16. Oynotkinova N. R. Altayskie poslovitsy i pogovorki. Altay kep le ukaa sӧstӧr [Altai proverbs and sayings]. Novosibirsk, 2010. 268 p. (in Russian).
17. Skazki Grishkina Gennadiya Grigor’evicha [Tales of Gennady Grigoryevich Grishkin]. Translated from the Khanty language by P. T. Tarlin. Khanty-Mansiysk, 2012. 132 p. (in Russian).
18. Neveroyatnye istorii iz zhizni kazymskikh khanty [Incredible stories from the life of the Kazim Khanty]. The compilerof the collection is E. D. Kaksina. No. 1. Khanty-Mansiysk, 2018. 60 p. (in Russian).
19. Khabunova E. E., Gedeeva D. B., Ubushieva B. E. Toponimy v fol’klornom tekste kalmykov [Toponyms in the Kalmykfolklore] // Novye issledovaniya Tuvy [The new research of Tuva]. 2018. No. 3. P. 242–257 (in Russian).
20. Kenin-Lopsan M. B. Traditsionnaya kul’tura tuvintsev [Traditional Tuvan culture]. Kyzyl: Tuvinskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo, 2006. 232 p. (in Russian).
21. Burnakov K. S. Gory – neot’’emlemaya chast’ kontsepta «Rodina» v etnicheskoy kul’ture khakasov [Mountains are an integral part of the concept of «Homeland» in the ethnic culture of the Khakas] // Vestnik sovremennykh issledovaniy [Bulletin of Modern Research]. No. 1.1 (28). 2019. P. 34–37 (in Russian).
22. Altyn Aryү. Alyptyү nymakh. Bogatyrskie skazaniya, zapisannye ot S. P. Kadysheva [AltynAryg. Heroic tales recorded by S. P. Kadyshev]. Abakan, 1987. 232 p. (in Russian).
23. Savitskaya S. V. Sopostavitel’noe issledovanie yazykovogo soznaniya russkikh i yakutov (na primere obraza rodiny) [Comparative study of language consciousness of russians and yakuts (On the example of the image of homeland)] // Voprosy psikholingvistiki [Journal of Psycholinguistics]. 2017. No. 1 (31). P. 203–216 (in Russian).
24. Maskina D’. D’ürümniŋ d’uruktary [The colors of life]. Gorno-Altaysk, 2002. 184 p. (in Russian).
25. Chebodaeva L. I. Ӧbekelerniŋ chollaryncha. Uklincha uuchanyŋ chookhtary. Po dorogam predkov. Rasskazy babushka Uklinchi [On the roads of the ancestors. Stories of Grandma Uklinchy]. Abakan, 2011. 194 p. (in Russian).
26. Spodina V. I. Tsennostnye kharakteristiki «svoey zemli» v traditsionnoy kul’ture korennykh narodov Yugry kak marker etnicheskoy identichnosti [The value characteristics of «one's own land» in the traditional culture of the indigenous peoples of Yugra as a marker of ethnic identity] // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tomsk State Univercity Journal]. 2009. No. 328. P. 77–80 (in Russian).
27. Butanaev V. Ya. Khakassko-russkiy istoriko-etnograficheskiy slovar’ [Khakas-Russianhistorical-ethnographic dictionary]. Abakan: Laboratory of Ethnography NIChKhGU, 1999. 240 p. (in Russian).
28. Khakas chonnyŋ khynchatkhan sarynnary. Lyubimye pesni khakasskogo naroda. Sbornik pesen na khakasskom yazyke [Favorite songs of the Khakass people. Collection of songs in the Khakass language]. Aүban, 2019. 68 p. (in Russian).
29. Altay alkyshtar: Altay albatynyŋ oos tvorchestvozy [Altai good wishes. Oral folk art of the Altai people]. The compilers of the collection are E. K. Ukachina, E. E. Yamaeva. Gorno-Altaysk, «AkChechek». 1993. 144 p. (in Russian).
30. Kokyshev L. D’üs pis’mo [One hundred letters]. Gorno-Altaysk, 1990. 208 p. (in Russian).
31. Chebodaeva L. I. Ӧbekeler chollaryncha. Ayolka oolakhtyŋ charykh tusteri. Po dorogam predkov. Svetlye sny mal’chika Ayolki [On the roads of the ancestors. Bright dreams of the boy Ayolka]. Abakan, 2018. 60 p.
32. Khotugu sulus: [sakhalyy tylynan uus-uran literaturnay, uonna obshchestvenno-politicheskay surunaal]. Yakutskay, 1947. No. 5 (23). 125 p. (in Russian).
33. Lel’hova F. M. Slovar’ glagolov khantyyskogo yazyka (shuryshkarskiy dialekt) [Dictionary of verbs of the Khanty language (Shuryshkar dialect)]. Khanty-Mansiysk: OAO «Izdatel’skiy dom «Novosti Yugry», 2012. 207 p. (in Russian).
34. Shiyanova A. A. Parnye slova khantyyskogo yazyka (na material shuryshkarskogo dialekta) [Paired words of the Khanty language (based on the material of the Shuryshkar dialect)]. Tyumen’: OOO «FORMAT», 2015. 156 p. (in Russian).
35. Tyukhteneva S. P. Zemlya. Voda. Khan Altay: etnicheskaya kul’tura altaytsev [Earth. Water. Khan Altai: ethnic culture of the Altai people]. Elista: Izd-vo KalmGU, 2009. 169 p. (in Russian).
36. Dampilova L. S., Yusha Zh. M. Mifologicheskiy obraz khozyaina Altaya: funktsii i semantika [The mythological image of the owner of Altai: functions and semantics] // Siberian Journal of Philology. 2021. No. 1. P. 24–36 (in Russian). doi: 10.17223/ 18137083/74/2
37. Belokurova S. M., Mushnikova E. A. Kontsept «Rodina» v mongol’skoy lingvokul’ture [The concept of «Homeland» in the Mongolian linguistic culture] // Baryshnikova N. G., Belokurova S. M., Dvoezhanova N. G., Kapustina E. A., Karagodin A. A., Karagodina I. A., Kiba O. A., Mushnikova E. A., Stenina V. F. Lingvokul’turologicheskiy podkhod v kontekste razvitiya transgranichnogo sotrudnichestva Bol’shogo Altaya [Linguistic and cultural approach in the context of the development of cross-border cooperation in the Greater Altai]. Barnaul: «Altayskiy dom pechati», 2018. P 17–22 (in Russian).
38. Kudazhy K-E. K. Uyguchok Ulug-Khem The restless Ulug-hem]. Kyzyl tom. Kyzyl: TyvNҮCh, 2002. 376 p. (in Russian).
39. Cholbon: [uus-uran literaturnay uonna obshchestvennay-politicheskay surunaal]. [Star: artistic and literary, sociopolitical magazine]. D’okuuskay, 2015. No. 9. 96 p. (in Russian).
40. Dampilova L. S., Khabunova E. E., Chuluun Z. Toponim Altay v motive puti v epose mongol’skikh narodov [The toponym Altai in the motif of the way in the epic of the Mongolian peoples] // OrientalStudies. 2018. Vol. 39. Iss. 5. P. 166–173 (in Russian).
41. Skazki, pesni khantov polnovatskogo Priob’ya [Fairy tales, songs of the Khants of the Polnovatsky Ob region]. The compiler of the collection is T. R. Pyatnikova, R. K. Slepenkova. Khanty-Mansiysk : Izhevsk, 2016. 344 p. (in Russian).
42. Zemlya koshach’ego lokotka. Kan’ kunsholăӈ [The land of the cat's elbow].The compiler of the collection is T. A. Moldanov. No. 5. Khanty-Mansiysk, 2010. 202 p. (in Russian).
Issue: 2, 2024
Series of issue: Issue 2
Rubric: LINGUISTICS
Pages: 46 — 57
Downloads: 211