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DIAMORPHISM TENDENCIES IN THE CONTEMPORARY GERMAN // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 3 (5). P. 17-22

In a wide sense diamorphism can be determined as a losing genetic uniformity by a language i.e. monolingualism of its idiom. Being a heterogeneous (polyglossic) language due to its resources the contemporary German contains layers of heterolingual means functioning in the German literary speech synchronously as diglossic variants of stylistically different values, eg.: posten – veröffentlichen, Coverstory – Titelgeschichte. Concerning the diglossy of the type „German vs. (American) English“ resulting from the exoglossic language situation in Germany since 1945 the diamorphism tendency can be characterized as a preferring heterogeneous (English) variants to autochthonous ones by speakers. In a narrow sense diamorphism is opposite to isomorphism and is manifested in prevailing of foreign resources over German ones in separate lexical-semantic groups or discourses. Diamorphism tendencies in contemporary German within an invasive borrowing of Anglo-Americanisms are detected by deriving the exoglossic index that explicate a grade of a certain intralinguistic sublevel’s subsystems to be susceptible to the influence of a donor language and is a quotient of the total of a sublevel means ({х} underlevel) and the quantity of Anglo-American borrowings detected ({х}АА): Iэкз={x}подуровень/{x}АА The exoglossic index under 0,5 displays an inconspicuous infiltration of Anglophonic material and isomorphic functioning of a sublevel. A figure above 0,5 explicates a diamorphism tendency in a certain lexical sphere.

Keywords: diamorphism, resource heterogeneity, isomorphism, contemporary German, exoglossic index, density of lexical and grammatical invasiveness

THE EXTRALINGUISTIC DETERMINISM OF THE NATURE OF PSEUDOBORROWING // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 1 (11). P. 29-35

The article attempts to provide a systemic description of the phenomenon of pseudoborrowing which is characteristic for modern literary languages. The focus of discussion is the extralinguistic determinism of this phenomenon also peculiar to conventional borrowings. The first significant feature of pseudoborrowing appears its secondary character to the actual borrowing, which becomes the foundation for the subsequent processes of a posteriori word formation within the recipient language. The second important feature of pseudoborrowing is its being unknown and incomprehensible by speakers of a donor language. The third one is the manipulative character of this language phenomenon. Under this aspect pseudoborrowing can be viewed in two ways: either as a result of conscious manipulation of borrowed morphological material by recipient language speakers, e. g., for ideological purposes; or as a phenomenon of “reactive power” of language system, constantly forced to create something new out of available means within an exoglossic language situation. Pseudoborrowing is considered an ambivalent phenomenon: on the one hand, mentioned above extralinguistic determinism features and the designation itself emphasize its exogenous nature; on the other hand, the a posteriori nature of its products compared with the actual borrowing testify to its endogenous nature, i. e., belonging to the internal processes of a recipient language. The intensity of forming pseudoborrowings is proportional to the prestige of the borrowed donor language material in the communicative practice of recipient language speakers. The phenomenon of pseudoborrowing is a symptom of the diversification and internationalization of the morphological substrate of a certain lingua franca. The advantage of the approach proposed lies in the possibility of a holistic interpretation of the nature of pseudoborrowing considering trends of sociolinguistic and contactological orders.

Keywords: pseudoborrowing, aposteriori coinages, manipulation, diamorphism tendencies, exo-glossic language situation

LANGUAGE AND ENVIRONMENT: PROSPECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH TO LANGUAGE STUDIES // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2017. Issue 2 (16). P. 32-44

The article displays the interconnection of language and habitat of homo under conditions of artificial selection; factors determining this interconnection are examined; advantages of environmental approach are emphasized and spheres of its potential implementation for language studies are proposed. The overriding prerequisite of the environmental determinism of language nature appears the fact, that outside their habitat human individuals easily do without language, which is considered an artificial product of cultural activity of man inside the human environment. Transferring language into the next generation occurs extragenomically – via environment mainly owning to ritualized everyday practice. Language is a non-recurrent and socially determined product of mankind, impossibly existing outside the habitat of homo or for only one person. The rhizome of language is developing nonlinearly, asymmetrically and acentrically.

Keywords: human language, speech, talking, homo loquens, language acquisition, environment, environmental approach

TO THE QUESTION OF THE INVOLUTION OF THE GERMAN SPOKEN FORMS OF THE RUSSIAN GERMANS // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2018. Issue 1 (19). P. 76-83

The description of the processes of language death is one of the most important problems in the study of endangered languages. This article highlights the current state of research on language death in Russia and abroad. The analysis of the dynamics of disintegration of small language forms in places of compact residence of German immigrants is of particular interest. On the basis of primary data, the paper proposes diagnosis of the processes of language death of the second type (involution) based on the example of the decay of German spoken forms used by the representatives of Russian Germans in the Tomsk region.

Keywords: involution, language death, Russian Germans, German spoken forms, Russian-German bilingualism, enlarged intra-extralinguistic approach