Search

THE EFFECT OF THE «INVISIBILITY» OF WESTERN EVENKS IN OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS OF THE 19TH-20TH CENTURIES: CAUSES, SUPPORTING AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 4 (14). P. 97-107

The article analyzes the phenomenon of a long absence from state control of some Evenk groups although their whereabouts was de facto not unknown to local authorities. A group of Evenks with the family name Likhachev was chosen as an example for the study, they migrated from the Podkamennaya Tunguska-river basin through the Vasyugan-river valley to the Lower Irtysh-river area in the last decades of the 19th century. The situation with the extreme lack of official documents confirming the Evenk presence was all the same in all three above mentioned territories which they inhabited. The author considers that the lack of mentionings of the taiga dwellers in documents was due to the actions of three parties: those who did not want to be under the control (the Evenks themselves); those who were satisfied with such a situation (most officials and a large proportion of Christian clergy); and those who actively supported it (some local officials and merchants).

Keywords: migration, Northern natives, nomads, state control, Podkamennaya Tunguska-river, Vasyugan-river valley, Demyanka-river, Turtas-river

THE OCCURRENCE OF "NON-EXISTENT" TURKO-UGRIC CONTACTS: COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE TATARS OF THE MIDDLE IRTYSH REGION AND THE KHANTY OF THE TURTAS AND DEMYANKA RIVERS IN THE 18TH – 20TH CENTURIES // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2018. Issue 4 (22). P. 60-70

The article presents an overall picture of the direct contact between the Kurdak-Sargat Tatars and their northern neighbors – the Khanty of the Turtas and Demyanka rivers in a historical retrospective. The Tatar and the Khanty groups have conducted mutual visits for several centuries. The northern areas have been mainly of hunting and gathering interests to the Siberian Tatars, and the Khanty trips to the villages of the Middle Irtysh river aimed at trade and exchange, labor relations and the maintenance of social ties. The issue of these Turko-Ugric relations has not been discussed in ethnography prior to this. The authors have revealed the stages, supporting factors, connecting routes, places, forms and the circle of direct participants of the interaction. The research results have led to the hypothesis of the successive nature of the Tatar hunting rights in the Demyanka river area, inherited from the group of Middle Irtysh Khanty assimilated by them earlier. It is also assumed that between the second half of the 18th and early 19th century, the Khanty of the Yugan river, who came from the north, forced the Kurdak-Sargat Tatars into the periphery of the Demyanka hunting grounds after an open conflict. Traces of the previous history, among other things, are reflected in the local toponymy and folklore of both ethnic groups.

Keywords: Kurdak-Sargat Tatars, indigenous peoples of the North, communication routes, watershed territories, interethnic interactions

Between the Vakh and Taz River: On the Origin of the of Northern Selkups // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2023. Issue 3 (41). P. 90-101

The article deals with some episodes of Selkup history in the valley of the river Vakh and on the adjacent territory of the upper Taz River in the first half of the 18th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The main topics discussed are the following: the localization of the Tymskaya and Karakonskaya volosts, their divisibility and connection with certain groups of the local population, the details of the final process of migration of the Selkup and the formation of their ethnic boundaries with the Khanty. The study is mainly based on the analysis and comparison of archival data with the material of previous historical and ethnographic publications. As a result, the research adjusted the previously assumed boundaries of the Tymsky volost on the Vakh River and the neighboring Karakonskaya volost on the Taz River. It turned out that the Selkups of the Karakonskaya volost had left the Vakh River by 1740 and were already in the basin of the neighboring Taz River. It turned out that the period of relatively free migration of the Selkups had already ended in the middle of the 18th century. Later, there were only movements of small groups of Selkups and Khanty in the space between the Vakh and Taz rivers and in both directions. Having decreased significantly in the early 19th century, limited social communication between the populations of the two river basins did not cease even after a century. A significant part of the Selkups of the river Vakh and their elite remained faithful to their ethnic identity in the first decades of the 20th century. The final rupture of ties between the Selkups of the Upper Taz and the Selkups of the Vakh and the disappearance of the community of the Selkups of the Vakh occurred in the middle of the 20th century.

Keywords: ethnography of Western Siberia, migration, ethnicity, Tymskaya volost, Karakonskaya volost, Lyaryak