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HISTORICAL AND ETYMOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF BASHKIR FAMILIES // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2019. Issue 3 (25). P. 116-126

The article is devoted to considering the issues of the history of the origin of the Bashkir names, formed in the 16th - 19th centuries, which are still poorly explored in anthroponymy. Based on the factual material, we managed to prove that the Bashkir names among the nobility began to appear in the XVI century. The material for the study was The Bashkir Shezhere and Bashkir clan nsmes by R.G. Kuzeev, a scientific publication Documents and materials on the history of the Bashkir people: Formular lists on the service of officials of the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army for the years 1836-1842 in 2 books. In the article an attempt was made to establish the continuity of the surnames formed in the 16th - 17th centuries on the basis of a comparative analysis of the facts from the genealogical records of the leaders of the major Bashkir tribes, such as the Yurmata, the Tamyan, the Min and the Utergen, and from the census lists. Thus, the relationship between the personal names of the Bashkir nobility (biys) (Tyatigach, Aznay, Karmysh, Distan, Shagman) and the names that have survived to this day, such as Tyatigachev, Aznaev, Karmyshev (Karamyshev), Bikbov (Bikbaev) Distanov, Shakhmanov, as well as surnames on the basis of personal names of ancestors of canton superiors (Mutin, Sultanov, Kuvatov). Some of these anthroponyms have been also examined etymologically.

Keywords: Bashkir language, historical anthroponymy, surname, Bashkir tribes, Shezhere, lists

BASHKIR FAMILY NAMES ONYMS FORMED FROM APOTROPEIC PERSONAL NAMES // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2021. Issue 4 (34). P. 180-188

The article is devoted to the study of Bashkir surnames that go back to the ancient protective (apotropic) personal names, designed to ward off "evil forces" from a newborn, which are obsolete and absent in the modern Bashkir name list. The main source of this study was the Bashkir surnames recorded in the collection of documents "Formulary lists on the service of officials of the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army for 1836-1842", published in two books (2012, 2014), in which documents of the second quarter of the 19th century were published. , first of all, formular lists of officials of the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army. A comparative-historical study of the meanings of individual personal names against the general Turkic background was carried out based on data extracted from the “Ancient Turkic dictionary” and “Bashkir shezhere” by R. G. Kuzeeva. On the basis of ethnocultural works not only in the field of the Turkic peoples, but also of the Eastern Slavs, it was established that the origin of many protective names is associated with the ritual of buying and selling a child, in particular, these are names based on the lexemes katyu 'sell', tүlәү 'pay' , tabyu 'find', al in the meaning '(this) did not die, remained', tor ,on, in which the meaning of yshәһen is embedded, үlmәһen 'let him live, stay', tuҡta 'stop, stop'. Protected, according to the ancient Bashkirs, was considered the child who, according to the terms of the old rite, lay in a dog kennel next to its owner and was named with a name containing the lexeme et ‘dog’. The names of stones and minerals, such as altyn 'gold', kөmөsh 'silver', bulat 'bulat' and, of course, timer 'iron', for which the child was exchanged during the imaginary purchase and sale. In order to protect against evil forces, the ancient Bashkirs also had a tradition of criticizing a child with a bad name (for example, Buzuk, Yamanbai, etc.). Protective personal names with the ish ‘couple, couple’ component, which were given to children if their previous brothers or sisters did not survive, also stand out in a special group. All the protective personal names we have considered, which are a reflection of the ceremony of buying and selling a baby, as well as the people's belief in the power of the word, are currently mainly found in surnames.

Keywords: onomastics, anthroponymy, family name, names-amulets, apotropic personal names

FAMILY ANTHROPONYMS FORMED FROM RELATIONSHIP TERMS // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2022. Issue 2 (36). P. 59-66

The article analyzes family anthroponyms associated with lexemes expressing family relationships. The study revealed a large number of surnames belonging to this group. The special majority are anthroponymic units formed by adding such terms of kinship as ata ‘father’, baba ‘grandfather’, eiən ‘grandson’, аҡai ‘elder brother’, etc. These anthroponyms are considered one of the most ancient. The high frequency of use in the book «Bashkir Shezhere» of such personal names associated with lexemes denoting kinship relations, such as Adykai, Atikey, Atagai-biy, Kuste, Mirzakilde, Mirzash, Myrzai, Myrzash Babysh, Sabai, Tenei, Tenekai (Tenkei), confirm the archaic nature of the onyms of this species. The study also proved the formation of most of the anthroponyms we are considering from lexemes with the meaning of consanguinity. In the article, for the first time, an analysis was made of the participation in the formation of anthroponyms of such lexemes with the meaning of kinship relations that are used in dialects of the Bashkir language, such as aby, aҡai ‘elder brother’, babҡai, babyҡai, dəүəтəй ‘grandfather’, tөpsөк ‘the youngest’. In the course of this study, it was suggested that anthroponyms based on dialect lexemes with the meaning of kinship are inherent exclusively in these dialects. It was also revealed that many Turkic peoples have many personal names formed from kinship terms, in particular, for example, the Kyrgyz people have many proper names with the ata component, and the name of the young dancer Kirghiz Atai is currently known.

Keywords: onomastics, anthroponyms, family onym, shezhere, kinship terms