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The Functioning of Bilingualism in the Republic of Bashkortostan // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2024. Issue 4 (46). P. 58-67

Bilingualism in the Republic of Bashkortostan plays an important role in preserving the region’s cultural diversity and national identity. By enabling people to communicate in two languages, it allows them to participate in different aspects of life while preserving their linguistic and cultural heritage. The article deals with bilingualism and polylingualism in the Republic of Bashkortostan. It deals with the extent of the spread of national-Russian bilingualism. Bashkir-Russian and Tatar-Russian bilingualisms are the most developed in the republic. For the study, quantitative analysis of information from various sources was used. Statistical processing of digital data was used to create the tables. The aim of this work is to study the peculiarities of the functioning of bilingualism and multilingualism in the Republic of Bashkortostan based on census data. The main types of these phenomena are identified. The author also draws attention to multilingual education in modern society. The educational institutions of the Republic of Bashkortostan have organized the study of 14 native languages. The article also notes that subordinate bilingualism and polylingualism are accompanied by interference errors, the study of which will help to develop effective methods for teaching Russian as a second language to native speakers of the national language and avoid the repetition of these errors in the future. According to the results of the All-Russian census, it was found that there are about 150 languages in the republic. The languages of international communication are Russian, Bashkir, and Tatar. The population of the Republic of Bashkortostan is 4091423 people, including Bashkirs – 1268806, Russians – 1509246, Tatars – 974533, Mari – 84988, Chuvashs – 79950, Ukrai-nians – 14876, Mordvins – 10970, Udmurts – 17149, Belarusians – 3753, other nationalities – 61096. It should be noted that 98.5% of the population speaks Russian, Bashkir – 23%, Tatar – 20.1%, English – 3.2%, Mari – 1.5%, and Chuvash – 1.3% of the population of the Republic of Belarus. Despite all the conditions created to preserve the national languages of their peoples, there is a decline in the level of mastery of native languages in the republic, with the exception of Russian.

Keywords: Bashkir language, native language, Russian language, bilingualism, polylingualism, multilin¬gualism, types of bilingualism, census