ON THE METHODS OF CLASSIFICATION OF BARK UTENSILS OF PEOPLES OF WESTERN SIBERIA
The birch bark, as an affordable and durable material, is widely used in almost all spheres of life of the peoples of Western Siberia. In most cases, the birch bark was used as a material for producing of household utensils. Having examined the works of N. V. Lukina (1985), V. V. Bogomolov (1987) and E. G. Fedorova (1994) in which were described the birch bark utensils, the author identifies the main approaches for its classification. N. V. Lukina in his work “The formation of the material culture of the Khantyˮ classifies bark items and puts on the promotion position: 1) purpose of the object and; 2) design features. All other parameters (form products, the national title, the method applying ornament) are associated and constitute the narrative of objects. V. V. Bogomolov classifies objects bark utensils, taking as a basis of such criteria as “work on manufacturingˮ (flooring manufacturer) – male and female. This author pays more attention to the national title bark utensils and objects form. Technical features, such as ways of connecting parts are in its classification and make minor subspecies examples when allocating basic types bark utensils. The classification of E. G. Fedorova is based utensils on division in the form of objects, with the release of those parts which form the shape (mouth, walls, bottom). In the process of comparing the options proposed classification bark utensils and work on creating the catalog “Birch bark utensils southern Selkupsˮ the author of this article has formed its own approach to the classification of objects in which the criterion was the leading technological method for manufacturing items. On the basis of the technological features making birch bark vessels all subjects were divided into four groups: 1) subjects cross linked two cut bark of parts – bottom wall and connected with each other by sewing; 2) objects created from a piece of birch bark, “stockingˮ removed from birch stump and connected to the bottom of the timber walls by steaming for a tight grasp of the bottom; 3) items with a wooden bottom and two-layered walls of birch bark (inner – glued or sewn, exterior – with the “castleˮ bracket), bottom and sides are fastened with small nails or wooden pegs (short rods); 4) objects created by folding a single piece of birch bark, stitched stitching details.
Keywords: bark utensils, types classification, processing technology bark, the peoples of Western Siberia, Selkups
References:
1. Bogomolov V. V. Izdelija iz beresty barabinskih tatar // Problemy proishozhdenija i jetnicheskoj istorii narodov Sibiri. Tomsk, 1987. S. 113–135.
2. Lukina N. V. Formirovanie material'noj kul'tury hantov. Tomsk, 1985.
3. Svod jetnografi cheskih ponjatij i terminov. Material'naja kul'tura / Otv. red. S. A. Arutjunov, R. Vajnhol'd; Ser. izd. pod obshh. red. Ju. V. Bromleja (SSSR), G. Shtrobaha (GDR). M., 1989.
4. Fyodorova E. G. Berestjanaja utvar' narodov Sibiri. Konec HIH – pervaja polovina HH v. // Pamjatniki material'noj kul'tury narodov Sibiri. SPb., 1994. S. 76–119.
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Issue: 1, 2014
Series of issue: Issue № 1
Rubric: АNTHROPOLOGY
Pages: 108 — 114
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