ZOONYM "BEAR" IN THE MARI FOLK GAMES

Klyucheva Maria Arkad’evna

DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2020-1-9-20

Information About Author:

Klyucheva Maria, Candidate in History of Arts (kandidat iskusstvovedeniya), Senior Researcher. Mari Scientific Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V. M. Vasilyev (under the Government of the Republic of Mari El). St. Krasnoarmeyskaya, 44, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, Russia, 424000. E-mail: keymachine@yandex.ru

The article deals with the traditional Mari games like hide and seek and blind man’s buff in which the catching man is called a bear. The distribution area of these games, their seasonal and ritual timing is detected. A previously unpublished material from the manuscript archive of MarSRILLH (Yoshkar- Ola) is introduced.The correspondences to this character in the games of the Finno-Ugric peoples, Turks and Russians of the Ural-Volga region are established. The article includes an analysis of the etymology of the Mari word maskа ‘bear’, examines the available versions and sets out additional data, including an indication of the correspondence of the Mari bear name (the main dialect forms maska, mas’ka > mäskä; meskä> möskä) to Russian dialect words meaning sheep (mas’ka, mis’ka). Such a naming logic is explained by the prohibition of words meaning wild animals and the metonymic shift of semantics (sheep – wool – bear). The structure of the relationship between this Mari zoonym (historical form aba maska ‘bear’) and the name of a typologically similar character in the Bashkir game – mäskäi-äbei ‘grandma glutton’ is analyzed.

Keywords: folk games, game lexics in Mari, Finno-Ugric languages, Turkic languages of the Ural-Volga region, Russian dialects, borrowing, inter-ethnic interaction, language contacts, characters of folklore

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