KHANTY-ORIGIN LEXEMES WITH FIGURATIVE MEANING IN RUSSIAN WRITTEN SOURCES, 1870–1930
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2021-1-64-76
The study examines Khanty lexemes with figurative meanings recorded as borrowings in Russian written sources from 1870 through 1930. Analysis objectives: 1) Establish nomination methods and semantic characteristics of recorded lexemes; 2) Add new content to the etymological dictionary by W. Steinitz; 3) Show reasons for lexemes’ emerging lexico-semantic variations and specifics of how Khanty words get recorded in Russian texts. The study’s methodology incorporates general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and specific linguistic methods: descriptive, etymological, comparative, as well reconstructive and statistical processing of materials. Figurative meanings of words are presented in the source context, accompanied by their etymologies from the Steinitz dictionary, as well as literal translations. The study lists lexemes and their graphical variants chronologically, in groups based on the nomination approach: metaphoric transference according to 1) form (6 units); 2) color (2); 3) spatial orientation (3); 4) function (2); examples of metonymic transference (4) and synecdoche (1). Included multicomponent lexemes are used for naming animals and including the words “man” (2), “woman” (4), and “beast” (4). The study lists new lexemes, which complement the dialect data of the Steinitz dictionary taking into account various geographic variants and dialects. They include 4 compound words not recorded in the above dictionary. The study analyzes the causes of emerging lexico-semantic variability as presented in the examined materials: 1) compared to those recorded in the Steinitz dictionary, some lexemes show new components and therefore semantic facets of a compound word (3 units); 2) polysemy of the Khanty language in lexemes with component ЮХ “tree” includes cases with one of the metonymy-based meanings being “a wooden utensil” (4). The study points out specific ways, in which Russian written texts recorded figurative meanings of borrowings from the Khanty language before it became a written language. The study shows cognitive and linguistic processing, on the part of creators of examined sources, of the inner form of complex lexemes when translating them: using a more general literary term; shortening one of the word components while preserving its figurative meaning; literal translation; describing an object (in combination with translation or without it). The article introduces new material to the scientific domain and could be of interest for linguists, ethnographers, historians and archeologists.
Keywords: Khanty-Russian language interoperability, Russian written sources 1870-1930, Khanty lexicon, associative values, semantics, new information to the dictionary of W. Steinitz
References:
Bartenev V. Na krajnem severo-zapade Sibiri: Ocherki Obdorskogo kraya [In the far North-West of Siberia: Essays Obdorsky edge]. S. Peterburg: Tipo-litografiya M. P. Pajkina, 1896. 154 p. (in Russian)
Dmitriev-Sadovnikov G. M. Rybolovnye osennie i zimnie promysly okrestnostej Obdorska [Fishing autumn and winter crafts in the vicinity of Obdorsk] // Ural. 1926. Vyp. 8. P. 157–177. (in Russian)
Dunin-Gorkavich А. А. Russko-ostyatsko-samoedskij prakticheskij slovar' naibolee upotrebitel'nykh slov [Russian-Ostyak-Samoyed practical dictionary of the most common words.]. Tobol'sk: Tipografiya Eparkhial'nogo bratstva, 1910. 58 p. (in Russian)
Dunin-Gorkavich А. А. Sever Tobol'skoj gubernii. Opyt opisaniya strany, eyo estestvennykh bogatstv i promyshlennoj deyatel'nosti eyo naseleniya [North of Tobolsk province. Experience of the description of the country, its natural re-sources and industrial activity of its population] // Ezhegodnik Tobol'skogo Gubernskogo Muzeya. Tobol'sk, 1897. Vyp.VIII. 156 p. (in Russian)
Dunin-Gorkavich А. А. Tobol'skij Sever. T. II: Geograficheskoe i statistiko-ehkonomicheskoe opisanie strany po otdel'nym geograficheskim rajonam [The Tobolsk North. Vol. II: Geographical and statistical-economic description of the country by separate geographical areas]. Tobol'sk: Gubernskaya tipografiya, 1910. 320 p. (in Russian)
Dunin-Gorkavich А. А. Tobol'skij Sever. Т. III: Etnograficheskij ocherk mestnykh inorodtsev [Ethnographic essay of the local foreigners.]. Tobol'sk: Gubernskaya tipografiya, 1911. 140, 51 p. pril. (in Russian)
Efremova T. F. Novyy slovar' ruskkogo yazyka. Tolkovo-slovobrazovatel'nyy [New Dictionary of Russian Language. Explanatory and Morphological]. Moscow: Russkiy Yazyk, 2000. Available from: https://lexicography.online/explanatory/ efremova/Izdeliya ostyakov Tobol'skoj gubernii: Etnograficheskaya kollektsiya Tobol'skogo Gubernskogo Muzeya na pervoj Zapadno-Sibirskoj Vystavke v g. Omske: Ob"yasnitel'nyj ukazatel' k kollektsii [Products of Ostyaks of the Tobolsk province: Ethnographic collection of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum on the first West-Siberian Exhibition in Omsk: Explanatory pointer to the collection]. Tobol'sk: tip. Eparkh. Bratstva, 1911. 136 p. (in Russian)
Eristov А. Ural'skij sever: Аntireligioznye ocherki Tobol'skogo kraya [Ural North: anti-Religious essays of Tobolsk region]. Tobol'sk, 1930. (in Russian)
Evladov V. P. Po tundram Yamala k Belomu Ostrovu. Ekspeditsiya na Krajnij Sever poluostrova Yfmal v 1928–1929 gg. [On the tundra of Yamal to the White Island. Expedition to the Far North of the Yamal Peninsula in 1928–1929]. Tyumen': Slovo, 1992. 289 p. (in Russian)
Finsh O., Brem А. Puteshestvie v Zapadnuyu Sibir' [Travel to Western Siberia]. M.: Tipografiya M. N. Lavrova i K°, 1882. 578 p. (in Russian)
Loparev H. M. Samarovo, selo Tobol'skoj gubernii i okruga: khronika, vospominaniya i materialy o ego proshlom [Samarovo, village of the Tobolsk province and County: chronicle, memories and materials about his past]. Tyumen': SoftDizajn, 1997. 264 p. (in Russian)
Mitusova R. Medvezhij prazdnik u aganskikh ostyakov Surgutskogo r., Tobol'skogo okruga: (Iz putevogo dnevnika) [Bear festival at Agan Ostyaks of the Surgut area, Tobolsk district: (From travel diary)] // Tobol'skij kraj. Tobol'sk, 1926. № 1. P. 11–14. (in Russian)
Novitskij V. M. Otchet issledovatel'skogo i lechebnogo otryada obshhestva izucheniya kraya pri Gosmuzee Tobsevera, obsledovavshego letom 1926 g. Kazymskij Tuzsovet Berezovskogo r-na Tobokruga Uraloblasti [Report of the research and medical unit of the society for the study of the region at the state Museum of Tobsever, examined in the summer of 1926 Kazym Native Council of Berezovsky district of Tobolsk district of the Ural region] // Byulleten' Obshhestva izucheniya kraya pri Muzee Tobol'skogo Severa. Tobol'sk, 1928. № 1. P. 1–24. (in Russian)
Otchet po Muzeyu za 1911 god [Report on the Museum for 1911] // Zapiski sostoyashhego pod Аvgustejshim Pokrovitel'stvom Ego Imperatorskogo Vysochestva Velikogo Knyazya Nikolaya Mikhajlovicha Ural'skogo Obshhestva Lyubitelej Estestvoznaniya v g. Ekaterinburge. Ekaterinburg, 1913. T. ХХХΙΙ, vyp. Ι. P. ХХΙХ–LІІ. (in Russian)
Panchenko S. V. KHantyjskaya leksika s komponentom ЮХ v russkikh pis'mennykh istochnikakh 1870–1930 gg. [Khanty vocabulary with a component ЮХ in Russian written sources 1870–1930] // Etimologicheskie issledovaniya: Sb. nauch. tr. Vyp. 8. Ekaterinburg, 2003. P. 58–67. (in Russian)
Panchenko S. V. KHantyjskie leksemy v russkikh pis'mennykh istochnikakh 1870–1930 gg. kak dopolneniya k khantyjskomu slovaryu V. Shtejnitsa [Khanty lexemes in Russian written sources of 1870-1930 as an addition to the Khanty dictionary V. Steinitz]. Congressus XI. Internationalis Fenno-Ugristarum. Piliscsaba, 9-14. VIII. 2010. Pars V. Dissertationes sectionum et symposiorum ad linguisticam. Piliscsaba, 2011. P. 44–52. (in Russian)
Patkanov S. Po Dem'yanke: (Bytovoj i ehkonomicheskij ocherk) [In The Dem'yanka: Household and economic essay] // Zapiski Zapadno-Sibirskogo Otdela Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshhestva. Omsk, 1894. Kn. ХVI, vyp. II–III. P. 1–64. (in Russian) Patkanov S. Starodavnyaya zhizn' ostyakov i ikh bogatyri po bylinam i skazaniyam [The old life of the Ostyaks and their heroes in epics and legends] // Zhivaya starina. Spb., 1891. Vyp. III, otdel I. P. 85–116. (in Russian)
Polyakov I. S. Pis'ma i otchety o puteshestvii v dolinu r. Obi, ispolnennom po porucheniyu Imperatorskoj Аkademii Nauk [Letters and reports on the journey to the valley of the Ob river, executed on behalf of the Imperial Academy of Sciences] // Zapiski Imperatorskoj Аkademii nauk. Spb, 1877. Т. ХХХ. Приложение № 2. 187 p. (in Russian)
Potanin G. N. Ocherki Severo-Zapadnoj Mongolii. Rezul'taty puteshestviya, ispolnennogo v 1879 godu po porucheniyu Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshhestva chlenom-sotrudnikom onogo G. N. Potaninym. Vyp. IV: Materialy ehtnograficheskie [Essays Of North-Western Mongolia. The results of the trip, performed in 1879 on behalf of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society member-employee thereof G. N. Potanin. Issue. IV: Proceedings of the ethnographic] SPb.: tip. V. Bezobrazova i К°, 1883. 1026 p. (in Russian)
Rudenko S. Predmety iz ostyatskogo mogil'nika vozle Obdorska [Objects from the Ostyak burial ground near Obdorsk] // Materialy po ehtnografii Rossii. 1914. Т. II. P. 35–56. (in Russian)
Shatilov M. Pishha Vakhovskikh ostyakov [Food Vakh’s Ostyaks] // Trudy Tomskogo kraevogo muzeya. Tomsk: Тип. «Кр. Зн.», 1929. T. II. P. 41–50. (in Russian)
Shostakovich B. Promysly Narymskogo kraya [Crafts of Narym region] // Zapiski Zapadno-Sibirskogo Otdela Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshhestva. Omsk, 1882. Кn. IV. P. 1–40. (in Russian)
Shukhov I. N. Reka Kazym i ee obitateli [Kazim river and its inhabitants] // Ezhegodnik Tobol'skogo Gubernskogo Muzeya. Tobol'sk, 1916. Vyp. ХХVI. P. 1–57. (in Russian)
Skalozubov N. L. Botanicheskij slovar'. Narodnye nazvaniya rastenij Tobol'skoj gubernii dikorastushhikh i nekotorykh kul'turnykh [Botanical dictionary. Vernacular names of plants of the province of Tobolsk wild and some cultural] // Ezhegodnik Tobol'skogo Gubernskogo Muzeya. Tobol'sk, 1913. Vyp. ХХI. II. P. 1–87. (in Russian)
Skalozubov N. L. Khronika Muzeya za 1901 g. [Chronicle of the Museum in 1901] // Ezhegodnik Tobol'skogo Gubernskogo Muzeya. Tobol'sk, 1905. Vyp. XIV. P. 1–7. (in Russian)
Skalozubov N. L. Ot Tobol'ska do Obdorska. (Iz putevogo zhurnala) [From Tobolsk to Obdorsk. (From a track log)] // Ezhegodnik Tobol'skogo Gubernskogo Muzeya. Tobol'sk, 1907. Vyp. ХVI, II. P. 1–18. (in Russian) Spiski naselennykh mest Rossijskoj imperii po svedeniyam 1868–1869 godov [Lists of settlements of the Russian Empire according to 1868–1869]. Т. LX: Tobol'skaya guberniya. SPb.: Izd. stat. komiteta M-va vnutr. del, 1871. CLXXII, 196 p. (in Russian)
Startsev G. Ostyaki. Sotsial'no-ehtnograficheskij ocherk [The Ostyaks. Socio-ethnographic essay]. L.: Priboj, 1928. 152 p. (in Russian)
Steinitz W. Dialektologisches und etymologisches Wörterbuch der Ostjakischen Sprache. Berlin. 1966–1991. L. 1–13.
Steinitz W. Ostjakische Lehnwörter im Russischen // Ostjakologische Arbeiten. B. IV. Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft und Ethnographie. Berlin, 1980. S. 186–222.
Vakar B. А. Opredelitel' rastenij Urala [The Determinant of plants of the Urals]. АN SSSR, Ural. otd-nie. Sverdlovsk: Sredne-Ural'skoe Knizhnoe Izdatel'stvo, 1964. 415 p. (in Russian)
Varpakhovskij N. А. Rybolovstvo v bassejne reki Obi. T. I: Orudiya rybolovstva i produkty rybnogo promysla. [Fishing in the Ob river basin. Vol. I: Fishing Gear and fishery products]. S. Peterburg: Tipografiya S.-Peterburgskogo Gradonachal'stva, 1898. 143 p. (in Russian)
Varpakhovskij N. А. Rybolovstvo v bassejne reki Obi. T. II: Ryby bassejna r. Obi. [Fishing in the Ob river basin. Vol. II: Fish of basin of the Ob river.]. Sankt-Peterburg: tip. I. Gol'dberga, 1902. 145–230 p. (in Russian)
Yakobij А. I. Ostyaki severnoj chasti Tobol'skoj gubernii [The Ostyaks of the Northern part of the province of Tobolsk] // Ezhegodnik Tobol'skogo Gubernskogo Muzeya. Tobol'sk, 1898. Vyp. IХ. P. 1–24. (in Russian)
( 1.01 MB ) 
( 922.46 kB )
Issue: 1, 2021
Series of issue: Issue 1
Rubric: LINGUISTICS
Pages: 64 — 76
Downloads: 622