BASHKIR PROVERBS AS A SOURCE OF STUDING TRADITIONAL ECONOMY AND FOOD CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE

Migranova Elza Venerovna

DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2021-4-136-147

Information About Author:

Elza Venerovna Migranova, candidate of historical sciences, senior research fellow. of the department of ethnology. RAS, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Institute of History, Language and Literature. 71 Оctober ave., Ufa, Russia, 450054. Е-mail: mig.el@mail.ru

The purpose of this article is to consider the reflection in the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people of such an important component of the life support system as traditional food culture, as well as the past economic activities of the people. Many Bashkir proverbs originated come down to us from ancient times, some appeared a little later, others-even closer to our time. As the main source, we used Bashkir proverbs translated into Russian from volume 7 of the series “Bashkir folk Art” (Ufa, 1993); The originals of proverbs in the Bashkir language are contained in the publication “Bashkort Halyk Izhady” (Ufa, 1980). A significant contribution to the collection and study of the Bashkir paremic heritage was made by pre-revolutionary and Soviet researchers of the Bashkir territory, as well as modern folklore scientists. Among them, it is particularly necessary to highlight F. A. Nadrshina, whose sphere of scientific interests, among other issues, concerned the study of the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people. The food products mentioned in Bashkir proverbs can be divided into several categories: animal products (meat, milk, eggs); vegetable food (cereals, vegetables, wild roots and herbs); fish, honey, spices, as well as dishes prepared from them. Much attention was paid to the quality of products in the paremias; they also reflect the order of eating; the hospitality of the people, traditional Bashkir holidays and rituals, as well as food prepared for them; food taboos, the observance of which was mandatory in Bashkir society, etc. For example, drunkenness was condemned; vodka was considered the cause of many diseases and even death. Among the people, a careful, prudent attitude to food was promoted, which was also reflected in proverbs and sayings. In the distant past, the Bashkirs, like many other pagans, had certain cults and beliefs associated with food. In addition, the echoes of the lean famine years preserved in the people's memory also provided significant material for the appearance of proverbs about the need to appreciate food. Based on the analysis of the available materials, we can conclude that proverbs are a valuable source for studying the ethnography of Bashkirs, its spiritual and material culture.

Keywords: Bashkirs, nutrition system, food culture, proverbs, holidays, rituals, paremias, folklore, folk art

References:

Afanas'ev A. N. Proiskhozhdenie mifa: Stat'i po fol'kloru, etnografii i mifologii [The origin of the myth: Articles on folklore, ethnography and mythology]. M.: Nauka, 1996. 640 p.

Amantaj G. S. Bashkirskie poslovicy [Bashkir proverbs]. Ufa, 1936.

Bashkirsko-russkij slovar' poslovic i pogovorok [Bashkir-Russian dictionary of proverbs and sayings]. Ufa: Kitap, 1994. 168 p.

Bashkirskoe narodnoe tvorchestvo [Bashkir folk art]. Vol. 7. Poslovicy, pogovorki, primety, zagadki [Proverbs, sayings, signs, riddles]. Ufa, 1993. 464 p.

Florinskij V. M. Bashkiriya i bashkiry. Putevye zametki [Bashkiria and Bashkirs. Travel notes] // Vestnik Evropy [Bulletin of Europe]. Vol. 12. SPb., 1874. Pp. 723–765.

Galin S. A. Narodnoj mudrosti istochnik. Tolkovyj slovar' bashkirskogo fol'klora [A source of folk wisdom. Explanatory dictionary of Bashkir folklore]. Ufa, 2007. 304 p.

Hadyeva R. N. Bashkirskaya etnokul'tura i yazyk. Opyt vossozdaniya yazykovoj kartiny mira [Bashkir ethnoculture and language. The experience of recreating the language picture of the world]. M., 2005.

Harisov A. I. Literaturnoe nasledie bashkirskogo naroda (XVIII–XIX vv.) [Literary heritage of the Bashkir people (XVIII–XIX centuries]. Ufa: Kitap, 2007. 347 p.

Hisamitdinova F. G. Mifologicheskij slovar' bashkirskogo yazyka [Mythological dictionary of the Bashkir language]. M: Nauka, 2010. 456 p.

Husainov G. B. Duhovnyj mir bashkirskogo naroda [The spiritual world of the Bashkir people]. Ufa: Kitap, 2003. 480 p.

Kashgari M. Divan lugat-it turk. Tashkent, 1960.

Kireev A. N. Bashkirskij narodnyj geroicheskij epos [Bashkir Folk Heroic Epic]. Ufa, 1970. 304 p.

Kniga Bol'shomu Chertezhu [The Book is a Large Drawing]. M.; L., 1950.

Kul'sarina G. G. Etnoyazykovaya kartina mira v tekstah bashkirskogo fol'klora [Ethnolanguage picture of the world in the texts of Bashkir folklore]. Ufa: Kitap, 2020. 352 p.

Kuzeev R. G. Bashkirskie shezhere [Bashkir shezhere.]. Ufa, 1960.

Kuzeev R. G. Razvitie hozyajstva bashkir v X–XIX vv. (k istorii perekhoda bashkir ot kochevogo skotovodstva k zemledeliyu) [Development of the Bashkir economy in the X-XIX centuries. (on the history of the Bashkir transition from nomadic cattle breeding to agriculture)] // Arheologiya i etnografiya Bashkirii [Archeology and ethnography of Bashkiria]. T. III. Ufa, 1968. Pp. 261–322.

Malahov M. V. Bashkiry [Bashkirs] // Zapiski Ural'skogo otdeleniya lyubitelej estestvoznaniya [Notes of the Ural Branch of lovers of natural Science]. Vol. 11. No. 1. Ekaterinburg, 1887. Pp. 73–84.

Mergen K. Bashkirskie narodnye poslovicy [Bashkir folk proverbs]. Ufa, 1960.

Migranova E. V. Bashkirskie poslovicy o brachnom vybore [Bashkir proverbs about marriage choice] // Problemy vostokovedeniya [Problems of Oriental studies]. 2017. № 2 (76). Pp. 30–35.

Migranova E. V. Bashkirskie poslovicy i pogovorki o trude [Bashkir proverbs and sayings about labor] // «Ural-batyr» i duhovnoe nasledie narodov mira [«Ural-Batyr» and the spiritual heritage of the peoples of the world]. Ufa, 2010. Pp. 212–218.

Nadrshina F. A. Slovo narodnoe [The word of the people]. Ufa, 1983.

Nadrshina F. A. Istoriya sobiraniya i izucheniya bashkirskih poslovic i pogovorok [The history of collecting and studying Bashkir proverbs and sayings] // Poslovichnaya konceptualizaciya otdel'nyh fragmentov kartiny mira v bashkirskom yazyke [Proverbial conceptualization of individual fragments of the world picture in the Bashkir language]. Ufa, 2013. Pp. 4–29.

Ocherki po istorii Bashkirskoj ASSR [Essays on the history of the Bashkir ASSR]. T. No 2. Ufa. Bashknigoizdat. 1959. 540 p.

Potebnya A. A. Simvol i mif v narodnoj kul'ture [Symbol and myth in popular culture]. M.: Labirint, 2000. 480 p.

Propp V. Ya. Fol'klor i dejstvitel'nost' [Folklore and reality]. M.: Nauka, 1976. 325 p.

Rybakov S. G. Muzyka i pesni ural'skih musul'man s ocherkom ih byta [Music and songs of Ural Muslims with an outline of their everyday life] // Zapiski Rossijskoj Akademii nauk [Notes of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. 1897. Vol. 2. Ser. 8. No. 2. Pp. 15–38.

Sagitov M. M. Drevnie bashkirskie kubairy [Ancient Bashkir kubairs]. Ufa: Bashknigoizdat, 1987. 224 p.

Sozinova E. M. Obshchee i specificheskoe v paremiyah-ekvivalentah (na materiale bashkirskogo, russkogo i anglijskogo yazykov) [General and specific in the equivalent paremias (based on the material of the Bashkir, Russian and English languages)]. Ufa: Gilem, 2010. 204 p.

Sulejmanov A. M. Povestvovatel'nye zhanry bashkirskogo fol'klora [Narrative genres of Bashkir folklore]. Ufa, 2001. 248 p.

Vil'danov G. F., Gabitov H. A. Mudrost' predkov [The wisdom of the ancestors]. M.: Central'noe izdatel'stvo narodov SSSR, 1924. 218 p.

Yаnguzin R. Z. Hozyajstvo i social'naya struktura bashkirskogo naroda v XVIII–XIX vv. [Economy and social structure of the Bashkir people in the XVIII–XIX centuries]. Ufa: Kitap, 1998.

Zaripov N. T. Nauchnyj svod bashkirskogo fol'klora [The scientific code of Bashkir folklore] // Bashkirskij fol'klor [Bashkir folklore]. Ufa, 1986.

( 946.6 kB ) ( 867.3 kB )

Issue: 4, 2021

Series of issue: Issue 4

Rubric: ANTHROPOLOGY

Pages: 136 — 147

Downloads: 678