HORSE AND HORSE HARNESS IN THE RITUAL OF THE KHAKASS CHILDREN'S CYCLE (LATE XIX — MID XX CENTURY)
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2022-1-115-123
The purpose of the article is to determine the function of the horse and horse harness in the representations and rituals of the Khakas associated with the children’s cycle. The chronological framework of the work covers the late XIX — mid XX centuries . The choice of such time limits is determined by the state of the source base on the research topic. Ethnographic and folklore materials collected by both pre-revolutionary and modern researchers: I. G. Gmelin, N. F. Katanov, V. Ya. Butanaev, N. S. Teneshev, etc. served as a source base. Folklore materials — excerpts from heroic tales (alyptyg nymakhtar) used in this work presented for the first time in the author's translation in Russian. In the article under consideration, archival ethnographic materials on the indicated problems are also introduced into scientific circulation. Leading in the research is the principle of historicism, when any cultural phenomenon is considered in development and taking into account a specific situation. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods: remnants (relic) and semantic analysis. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) in the traditional culture of the Khakass, the horse and its image occupied an important place. This pet was included in the ritual associated with the children's cycle; 2) In the religious and mythological consciousness of the people, the image of a horse was steadily associated with the idea of vitality and fertility; 3) Not only the image of this ungulate and some parts of its body were endowed with magical protective properties; 4) The sacralization of the horse contributed to the fact that its image in its various manifestations was widely represented in the rituals associated with prenatal, birth and postnatal childhood cycles. An important place in this process was given to individual elements of horse equipment; 5) The horse performed a significant function in the socialization of the child, including in such stages as naming and mastering riding skills.
Keywords: Khakas, traditional culture, folklore, worldview, ritual, horse, harness, the world of childhood, naming
References:
Ai Khuuchyn [Ai Khuuchyn]. Altyn Aryg. Alyptyg nymakh (Bogatyrskie skazaniya) [Altyn Aryg. Heroic Legend]. Abakan: Khak. book. Publ., 1958. Pp. 318–420 (In Khakass).
Arkhiv Muzeya antropologii i etnografii im. Petra Velikogo RAN (Kunstkamera) [Archive of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kunstkamera)]. F. 5. Op. 6. D. 18 «Teneshev N. S. Religioznye obriady i obychai sagaitsev i shortsev, svyazannye s rozhdeniem i vospitaniem detei» [Fund 5. Inventory 6. File 18 “Teneshev N. S. Religious rites and customs of the Sagais and Shors associated with the birth and upbringing of children”], 12 May 1954. 30 p. (In Khakass, in Russian).
Bakhrushin S. V. Nauchnye trudy [Scientific works]. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR Publ., 1959, vol. 4, 259 p. (In Russian).
Burnakov V. A. Dukhi Srednego mira v traditsionnom mirovozzrenii khakasov [The spirits of the Middle world in the traditional worldview of the Khakas people]. Novosibirsk, 2006, IAET SO RAN Publ., 197 p. (In Russian).
Burnakov V. A. Kamennoe izvayanie Ulug Khurtuiakh Tas v sakral’nom prostranstve khakasov [Stone statue Ulug Khurtuyakh Tas in the sacred space of the Khakasses]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Problems of History, Philology, Culture], 2012, vol. 3 (37). Pp. 335–344. (In Russian).
Burnakov V. A. Fetishi-tesy v traditsionnom mirovozzrenii khakasov (konets XIX — seredina XX veka) [Fetishes-tes in the traditional Khakass worldview (late 19th — mid 20th centuries)]. Novosibirsk: IAET SB RAS Publ., 2020, 188 p. (In Russian).
Butanaev V. Ya. Traditsionnaya kul’tura i byt khakasov. Posobie dlya uchitelei [Traditional culture and life of the Khakass. A guide for teachers]. Abakan: Khak. book. Publ., 1996, 224 p. (In Russian).
Butanaev V. Ya. Burkhanizm tiurkov Sayano-Altaia [Burkhanism of the Sayan-Altai Turks]. Abakan: KhSU Publ., 2003. 260 p. (In Russian).
Butanaev V. Ya., Butanaeva I. I. Mir khongorskogo fol’klora [The world of Khongor (Khakass) folklore]. Abakan: KhSU Publ., 2008, 376 p. (In Russian).
Butanaev V. Ya. Osobennosti kul’tury i byta tyurkov Saiano-Altaia [Features of the culture and life of the Turks of Sayan-Altai]. Astana: Kantana Press, 2011. 440 p. (In Russian).
Katanov N. F. Otchet o poezdke, sovershennoi s 15 maya po 1 sentebrya 1896 g. v Minusinskii okrug Enisseiskoi gubernii [Report on the trip, which took place from May 15 to September 1. 1896 in the Minusinsk district of the Yenisei province]. Kazan’, Tipo-Litografiya Imperatorskogo Kazanskogo Universiteta Publ., 1897, 104 p. (In Russian).
Katanov N. F. Narechiya uryankhaitsev (soiotov), abakanskikh tatar i karagasov: (Obraztsy narodnoi literatury tyurkskikh plemen, izdannye V.V. Radlovym) [Adverbs of Uriyanghai (Soyots), Abakan Tatars and Karagas: (Samples of folk literature of Turkic tribes, published by V. V. Radlov)]. St. Petersburg: Imp. Akademiya nauk Publ., 1907, vol. 9, 640 p. (In Russian).
Kostrov N. A. Kachinskie tatary [Kachin Tatars]. Kazan’, Gub. Pravl. Publ., 1852, 66 p. (In Russian).
Kuznetsova A. A., Kulakov P. E. Minusinskie i achinskie inorodtsy [Minusinsk and Achinsk natives]. Krasnoiarsk: Enis. gub. upr-ia Publ., 1898. 298 p. (In Russian).
Miller G. F. Opisanie sibirskikh narodov [Description of the Siberian peoples]. Moscow, Monuments of historical thought Publ., 2009. 456 p. (In Russian).
Seryi zherebets bogatyr’ [Gray stallion hero]. Skazaniya i legendy khakasov [Tales and legends of the Khakass]. Abakan: House of Writers of Khakassia Publ., 2013. Pp. 81–100. (In Russian).
Subrakova O. V. Iazyk khakasskogo geroicheskogo eposa [The language of the Khakass heroic epic]. Abakan: Khakas. book Publ., 2007. — 184 p. (In Russian).
Khakassko-russkii slovar’ [Khakass-Russian Dictionary]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 2006, 1114 p. (In Khakass, in Russian).
Khan Orba. Bogatyrskoe skazanie, zapisannoe ot S. I. Shulbaeva [Khan Orba. Heroic legend, recorded from S. I. Shulbaev]. Abakan: Khak. Publ., 1989. 208 p. (In Khakass).
( 800.46 kB ) 
( 736.04 kB )
Issue: 1, 2022
Series of issue: Issue 1
Rubric: ANTHROPOLOGY
Pages: 115 — 123
Downloads: 463