THE YOUTH OF INDIGENOUS MINORITIES IN THE NORTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA): ETHNOLINGUISTIC IDENTITY AND LINGUISTIC BEHAVIOR

Danilov Igor Albertovich, Ignatyeva Vanda Borisovna

DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2022-4-27-40

Information About Author:

Danilov Igor Albertovich, Junior Researcher. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University. Kulakovsky St., 42, Yakutsk, Russia, 677013. E-mail: igor_danilov_2000@mail.ru Ignatyeva Vanda Borisovna, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor. Institute for Humanitarian Research and North Indigenous Peoples Problems of the Siberian Branch of the RAS. Petrovskogo St., 1, Yakutsk, Russia, 677027. Leading Researcher. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University. Kulakovsky St., 42, Yakutsk, Russia, 677013. E-mail: v_ignat@mail.ru

This article interprets the issues of their ethnolinguistic identity and linguistic behavior based on the results of a mass survey conducted among the rural and urban youth of the indigenous peoples of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). From the theoretical point of view, different approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “mother tongue” and their projections in the programs of Russian censuses are analyzed. In comparison with the results of previous studies, the value orientations of young people from the North were examined, which revealed a significant shift in ethno-cultural attitudes: it was found that the ethnic marker "mother tongue" fell from first to fourth place in the hierarchy of ethno-communicative markers. The ethnolinguistic identity of young people was analyzed in the context of the process of linguistic change reflected in the results of the censuses throughout the Union and in Russia. In addition, the status and place of the state languages of the Republic of Sakha (Russian and Yakut) in the lives of people in the North were revealed through the prism of ethnolinguistic self-identification of respondents and the functional distribution of languages in the spheres of communication. The positive trends in language maintenance were identified by analyzing the responses to the question about the mastery of the mother tongue in the immediate environment as a function of age and place of residence. Rural youth are characterized by a high level of commitment to the ethnic language, which they consistently recognize as their native language. The successful transmission of the language from generation to generation shows a good level of language preservation. In the urban environment, there is a linguistic shift in favor of the more “prestigious” Russian language among respondents aged 15–19, but the older youth use their native language in almost all cases of communication. Nevertheless, the authors note a gradually growing ethnic self-awareness among young people from the North, which at the individual or group level may give a "second breath" to the indigenous national languages of the indigenous peoples of the North in Yakutia.

Keywords: native language, ethnolinguistic identity, linguistic behavior, indigenous peoples of the North, the youth from the North

References:

Alpatov V. M. 150 yazykov i politika, 1917–2000. Sociolingvisticheskie problemy SSSR i postsovetskogo prostranstva [150 Languages and Politics, 1917–2000. Sociolinguistic Problems of the USSR and the Post-Soviet Space]. Moskva: Kraft+, 2000. 224 p.

Alpatov V. M. Yazykovaya politika v sovremennom mire: «odnoyazychnaya» i «dvuyazychnaya» praktiki i problema yazykovoj assimilyacii [Language policy in the modern world: "monolingual" and "bilingual" practices and the problem of language assimilation] // Sravnitel'naya politika. 2013. Vol. 4, No 2. P. 11–22 (in Russian).

Alpatov V. M. Yazykovaya politika v sovremennom mire [Language policy in the modern world] // Nauchnyj dialog. 2013. No 5 (17). P. 8–28 (in Russian).

Alpatov V. M. Yazykovaya politika v Rossii i v mire [Language Policy in Russia and the World] // Izvestiya Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Seriya literatury i yazyka. 2015. Vol. 74, No 1. P. 3–10 (in Russian).

Alpatov V. M. Yazykovaya politika i rodnoj yazyk [Language Policy and Native Language] // Sociolingvistika. 2020. No 3 (3). P. 114–124 (in Russian).

Argunova T. V. Yazyk v sisteme nacional'nyh cennostej [Language in the system of national values] // Nacional'naya politika v regione. Po materialam Respubliki Saha (Yakutiya). Sb. nauch. trudov. Yakutsk: YANC SO RAN, 1993. P. 88–93.

Gumbol'dt V. fon. Izbrannye trudy po yazykoznaniyu [Selected Works on Linguistics]. Moskva: Progress, 1984. 400 p.

Evropejskaya yazykovaya Hartiya i Rossiya. Issledovaniya po prikladnoj i neotlozhnoj etnologii [The European Language Charter and Russia. Studies in Applied and Urgent Ethnology]. Moskva: IEA RAN, 2010. 95 p.

Zaharova N. E., Alekseeva D. V., Nikitina A. D. Yazykovaya situaciya v polietnicheskih poseleniyah Respubliki Saha (Yakutiya) (na primere mest sovmestnogo prozhivaniya evenkov, evenov, yakutov i russkih) [Linguistic Situation in Multi-ethnic Settlements of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (on the Example of Places of Cohabitation of Evenks, Evenks, Yakuts and Russians)] // Sohranenie i razvitie yazykov i kul'tur korennyh narodov Sibiri: mat-ly II Vseros. nauchno-prakt. konf. Abakan: Hakasskij gos. un-t im. N. F. Katanova, 2018. P. 66–73.

Ivanova N. I. Sociolingvisticheskie aspekty funkcionirovaniya yakutskogo yazyka v g.Yakutske: cifry i fakty [Sociolinguistic Aspects of the Functioning of the Yakut Language in Yakutsk: Figures and Facts]. Moskva: OOO «Yazyki narodov mira», 2017. 260 p.

Ivanova N. I. Sovremennoe kommunikativnoe prostranstvo russkogo yazyka v Respublike Saha (Yakutiya): sociopsiholingvisticheskij aspect [Modern Communicative Space of the Russian Language in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Sociopsycholinguistic Aspect]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2012. 130 p.

Itogi VPN-1989. Nacional'nyj sostav naseleniya Yakutskoj ASSR [The results of the 1989 All-Union Population Survey. National composition of the population of the Yakut ASSR]. Stat. sbornik. No 3. Yakutsk, 1990. P. 21–101.

Itogi VPN-2002. T. 5. Nacional'nyj sostav, vladenie yazykami, grazhdanstvo naseleniya RS(YA). [National composition, language proficiency, and citizenship of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)]. URL: https://sakha.gks.ru/folder/39641 (accessed: 10.08.2022).

Itogi VPN-2010. T. 4. Nacional'nyj sostav i vladenie yazykami, grazhdanstvo naseleniya Respubliki Saha (Yakutiya). Nacional'nyj sostav naseleniya [Results of the 2010 All-Russian National Population Survey (ENP 2010). Vol. 4. National Composition and Language Proficiency, Citizenship of the Population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). National composition of the population]. URL: https://sakha.gks.ru/folder/39644 (accessed: 15.01.2022).

Mihal'chenko V. Yu. Yazykovoj konflikt v polietnicheskom gosudarstve [Linguistic Conflict in a Multi-ethnic State] // Yazykovaya politika i yazykovye konflikty v sovremennom mire: doklady i soobshcheniya mezhd. konf., Moskva, 16–19 sentyabrya 2014 g. Moskva: Tezaurus, 2014. P. 209–214.

Na puti k perepisi [On the way to the census]. Moskva: OAO «Aviaizdat», 2003. 528 p.

Slovar' sociolingvisticheskih terminov [Dictionary of Sociolinguistic Terms]. Moskva: Institut yazykoznaniya RAN, 2006. 312 p.

Stepanov V. V. Podderzhka yazykovogo raznoobraziya v Rossijskoj Federacii [Support for Linguistic Diversity in the Russian Federation] // Etnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2010. No 4. P. 102–115 (in Russian).

Struchkov K. N. Sociolingvisticheskie faktory yazykovoj kartiny mira evenkov v RS(YA) [Sociolinguistic Factors in the Language Picture of the World of Evenks in the RS(Ya)] // Vestnik Zabajkal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011. No 2. P. 38–44 (in Russian).

Etnografiya perepisi – 2002 [Ethnography of the 2002 Census]. Moskva: OAO «Aviaizdat», 2003. 388 p.

Etnologicheskij monitoring perepisi naseleniya [Ethnological monitoring of the census]. Moskva: IEA RAN, 2011. 552 p.

Yazyk i obshchestvo. Enciklopediya [Language and Society. Encyclopedia]. Moskva: izd. centr «Azbukovnik», 2016. 872 p.

Lytra V. Language and ethnic identity. In: S.Preece (Ed.), Handbook of Language and Identity. New York: Routledge, 2016. P. 131–145.

( 221.09 kB ) ( 186.81 kB )

Issue: 4, 2022

Series of issue: Issue 4

Rubric: LINGUISTICS

Pages: 27 — 40

Downloads: 384