Materials of the Samus and Shelomok Cultures of the Samuska III Settlement (Tomsk Ob Region): Based on the Results of the 2018–2019 Work
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2024-1-64-76
The article is devoted to the publication of materials from the Samuska III settlement, discovered in 2016 on the territory of the Samus archeological microdistrict (Tomsk Ob region), and is a continuation of the previously published results of the study of the stone industry of the site based on the results of the 2018 works. The basis for writing the article was the materials of the 2018–2019 field studies, obtained from 7 test pits with a total area of 14 m². The finds include fragments of ceramic vessels, fragments of technical ceramics, stone objects, and their fission products, fragments of mineral pigments, a fragment of petrified wood, slag, and calcined bones. The artifacts of the Shelomok culture from the Early Iron Age and the Samus culture from the Early and Middle Bronze Age as well as individual vessel fragments from the Late Neolithic and Eneolithic form the basis of the ceramic complex. The analysis of the site's lithic industry is complemented by findings from the 2019 collection and is consistent with previously published data. Tools with traces of crushing and grinding of dyes and mineral pigments with traces of processing reflect the phases of paint production by the Samus culture population. The stratigraphy in the test pits with occupation layers corresponds to the stratigraphic situation in the areas with natural soil formation. In the 2018 pit, however, two stratigraphic layers were distinguished, corresponding to the Early and Middle Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. In addition, an assemblage of tools, intermediates, and objects with nonutilitarian functions was found in this pit, which is located near a site with dark gray, dense, sandy clay immersed in an archeologically sterile layer. This work made it possible to place the previously published data from the site in a cultural and historical context and to attribute the stone industry to the Samus culture. The radiocarbon data obtained, together with the collected finds, give reason to attribute the Early and Middle Bronze Age complex to the late phase of the Samus culture. Given the stratigraphic and planigraphic position, the collection of artifacts from the 2018 pit can be interpreted as a set that was kept or carried in a case, or as grave goods.
Keywords: Tomsk Ob region, Samus, Tom, Early and Middle Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Samus culture, Shelomok culture
References:
Bobrov V. V., Marochkin A. G., Yurakova A. Yu., Pankratova L. V., Kononchuk K. V., Shcherbakova A. V. Novye materialy rannej – nachala razvitoj bronzy na poseleniyah Nizhnego Pritom’ya [New materials of early – beginning of advanced Bronze Age on settlements of Lower Tom river region] // Problemy arheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel'nyh territorij [Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories]. 2014. Vol. 20. P. 108–111.
Bogaichuk E. A. Poselenie Potapovy Luzhki III – pamyatnik samus'skoj kul'tury v Tomskom Priob'e [The settlement Potapovy Luzhki III is a site of the Samus cukture in the Tomsk Ob river region] // Materialy LХI Rossijskoj (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) arheologo-etnograficheskoj konferencii studentov i molodyh uchenyh [Materials of the LХI Russian (with international participation) archaeological and ethnographic conference of students and young scientists]. Irkutsk, Irkutskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2021. P. 114–115.
Bychkov D. A., Borovskaya E. D., Idimeshev A. A. Novye svedeniya ob osvoenii v finale kamennogo veka okrestnostej p. Samus' v Tomskoj oblasti [Recent data on the terminal stone age history of the Samus area in the Tomsk region] // Problemy arheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel'nyh territorij [Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories]. 2022. Vol. 28. P. 977–981.
Grushin S. P. “Utkul'skaya” gruppa pamyatnikov bronzovogo veka v Verhnem Priob'e [The “Utkul” group of Bronze Age monuments in the Upper Ob] // Trudy IV (XX) Vserossiyskogo arkheologicheskogo s”ezda v Kazani [Proceedings of the IV (XX) All-Russia archaeological congress in Kazan]. Kazan, Otechestvo, 2014. Vol. 1. P. 416–420.
Esin Yu. N. Drevnee iskusstvo Sibiri: samus'skaya kul'tura [Ancient art of Siberia: Samus culture]. Tomsk: Tomskij gosu-darstvennyj universitet, 2009. 526 p.
Idimeshev A. A., Bogaichuk E. A., Stepanova N. F. Predvaritel'nye rezul'taty tekhniko-tekhnologicheskogo analiza ke¬ramiki s poseleniya Potapovy Luzhki-III (Tomskoe Priob'e) [Preliminary results of the technical and technological analysis of the ceramics from the Potapovy Luzhki-III settlement (the Tomsk Ob river region)] // Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and practice of archaeological research]. 2023. Vol. 35, No. 1. P. 46–58.
Idimeshev A. A., Bychkov D. A., Asochakova E. M. Kamennaya industriya poseleniya Samus'ka III po rezul'tatam statisticheskogo analiza [Stone industry of Samuska III settlement based on the results of the statistic analysis] // Tomskij zhurnal lingvisticheskih i antropologicheskih issledovanij [Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology]. 2020. Vol. 3 (29). P. 115–127.
Idimeshev A. A., Kvasnitsa Yu. K., Zograf A. A., Bogaichuk E. A. Arheologicheskie razvedki v Tomskoj oblasti [Archaeological exploration in Tomsk region] // Arheologicheskie otkrytiya [Archaeological discoveries]. 2021. Vol. 2019. P. 416–418.
Kiryushin Yu. F. Eneolit i bronzovyj vek yuzhno-taezhnoj zony Zapadnoj Sibiri [Eneolithic and Bronze Age of the Southern Taiga area of Western Siberia]. Barnaul, Izdatel'stvo Altajskogo universiteta, 2004. 295 p.
Kiryushin Yu. F. Eneolit i rannyaya bronza yuga Zapadnoy Sibiri [Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age of the south of Western Siberia]. Barnaul, Izdatel'stvo Altajskogo universiteta, 2002. 294 p.
Kosarev M. F. Bronzovyj vek Zapadnoj Sibiri [Bronze Age of Western Siberia]. Moscow, Nauka, 1981. 278 p.
Kovtun I. V., Marochkin A. G., German P. V. Radiouglerodnye daty i otnositel'naya hronologiya sejminsko-turbinskih, krohalyovskih i samus'skih drevnostej [Radiocarbon dates and relative chronology of the Seima-Turbino, Krokhalev and Samus antiquities] // Trudy V (XXI) Vserossijskogo arheologicheskogo s"ezda. [Proceedings of the Fifth (21st) All-Russian Archaeological Congress]. Barnaul, Altajskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2017. Vol. 2017. Vol. 1. P. 269–274.
Kulik N. A., Mylnikova L. N., Nokhrina T. I. Syr'evaya baza kamennoj industrii v perekhodnoe vremya ot bronzovogo k rannemu zheleznomu veku (na primere poseleniya Linjovo-1) [Raw material base of lithic industry during the transition time from the Bronze to the Early Iron Age (on the example of Linjovo-1 settlement)] // Ural'skij istoricheskij vestnik [Ural historical journal]. 2010. No. 2 (27). P. 52–61.
Marochkin A. G., Sizyov A. S., Yurakiva A. Yu., Gavrilov D. A., Khairulina K. D. Stratigrafiya poseleniya Pisanaya-4 v okrestnostyah Tomskoj Pisanicy [Stratigraphy of the Pisanaya-4 settlement near the Tomskaya Pisanitsa petroglyphic site]. Problemy arheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel'nyh territorij [Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories]. 2021. Vol. 27. P. 511–519.
Marochkin A. G., Yurakiva A. Yu. Materialy neolita-eneolita stoyanki Dolgaya-1 (yuzhnye rajony Nizhnego Pritom'ya) [Neolithic-Eneolothic findings from Dolgaya 1 site (South of Lower Tom’ region)] // Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya [Novosibirsk State University Bulletin. Series: History and Philology]. 2014. Vol. 13, No. 3. P. 189–201.
Matyushchenko V. I. Drevnyaya istoriya naseleniya lesnogo i lesostepnogo Priob’ya (neolit i bronzovyj vek). Chast’ 2: samus'skaya kul'tura [The Ancient History of the Population of the Forest and Forest-Steppe Ob Region (Neolithic and Bronze Age). Part 2: Samus culture] // Iz istorii Sibiri [From the History of Siberia]. Tomsk, Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, 1973. Issue 10. 212 p.
Molodin V. I., Glushkov I. G. Samus'skaya kul'tura v Verkhnem Priob'e [The Samus culture in the Upper Ob region]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1989. 168 p.
Molodin V. I., Epimakhov A. V., Marchenko Zh. V. Radiouglerodnaya hronologiya kul'tur epohi bronzy Urala i yuga Zapadnoj Sibiri: principy i podhody, dostizheniya i problemy [Radiocarbon chronology of the South Urals and the south of the Western Siberia cultures: principles and approaches, achievements and problems] // Vestnik Novosibirskogo
gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya [Novosibirsk State University Bulletin. Series: History and Philology]. 2014. Vol. 13, No. 3. P. 136–167.
Pletneva L. M. Ornamentaciya keramiki iz ob"ektov poseleniya Shelomok II [Ornamentation of ceramics from structures of Shelomok II settlement] // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tomsk State University Journal]. 2018. No. 436. P. 175–183.
Pletneva L. M. Tomskoe Priob'e v konce VIII–III vv. do n. e. [The Tomsk Ob area in the late VIII to the III centuries B.C.]. Tomsk, Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, 1977. 142 p.
Pletneva L. M., Ragimkhanova I. Zh., Stepanova N. F. Rezul'taty tekhniko-tekhnologicheskogo analiza keramiki iz mo¬gil'nika Shelomok I, poselenij Kizhirovo, Samus' II [Results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics from Shelomok I burial ground, Kizhirov and Samus II settlements] // Tomskii zhurnal lingvisticheskikh i antropologicheskikh issledovanii [Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology]. 2019. Vol. 4 (26). P. 120–127.
Pletneva L. M., Stepanova N. F. Rezultaty tekhniko-tekhnologicheskogo analiza keramika s poseleniya Shelomok II [Results of the Technical and Technological Analysis of Ceramics from Shelomok II Settlement] // Tomskiy zhurnal lingvisticheskikh I antropologicheskikh issledovaniy [Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology]. 2018. Vol. 3 (21). Р. 107–117.
Poshekhonova O. E., Skochina S. N. Kompleks epohi rannej bronzy mnogoslojnogo poseleniya Pyakupur 3 v severo¬taezhnoj zone Zapadnoj Sibiri [Complex of the Early Bronze Age of the multilayered settlement Pyakupur 3 in the northern taiga zone of Western Siberia] // Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii. 2012. Vol. 1 (16). P. 31–41.
Ragimkhanova I. Zh. Predvaritel'nye rezul'taty raskopok na kurgannom mogil'nike Shelomok-I [Preliminary results of archaeological excavations on the Shelomok-I barrow cemetery] // Sohranenie i izuchenie kul'turnogo naslediya Altajskogo kraya [Preservation and study of the cultural heritage of the Altai Krai]. 2022. No. 28. P. 307–312.
Rybakov D. Yu. Kul'turno-hronologicheskaya poziciya poseleniya Shelomok III po materialam raskopok 2017 g. [Cultural and chronological position of the settlement of the Shelomok III based on the materials of the 2017 excavations] // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya [Tomsk State University Journal. History]. 2022. No. 75. P. 190–197.
Sinitsina G. V. O khronologii stoyanok Igrekovo I i Igrekovo II v Srednem Priob’e [On the Chronology of the Igrekovo I and Igrekovo II Sites in the Middle Ob Region] // Vremya i kul’tura v arkheologo-etnograficheskikh issledovaniyakh drevnikh i sovremennykh obshchestv Zapadnoi Sibiri i sopredel’nykh territorii: problemy interpretatsii i rekonstruktsii [Time and Culture in Archaeological and Ethnographical Researches of Ancient and Modern Societies of Western Siberia and Adjacent Territories: the Problems of Interpretation and Reconstruction]. Tomsk, 2008. P. 193–197.
Tolpeko I. V. Rozovyj halcedon v materialah pamyatnikov epohi rannej bronzy Okunevskogo arheologicheskogo mikrorajona [Pink chalcedony in materials of monuments of the era of the Okunevsky Early Bronze of the archaeological residential district] // Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoricheskie nauki [Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical sciences]. 2016. No. 2 (10). P. 137–142.
( 2.04 MB ) 
( 1.98 MB )
Issue: 1, 2024
Series of issue: Issue 1
Rubric: ANTHROPOLOGY
Pages: 64 — 76
Downloads: 219