Sheykin Yuri Illich, Dobzhanskaya Oksana Eduardovna THE MUSICAL CULTURE OF CHUKCHI: THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2018. Issue 3 (21). P. 118-131

The article covers the process of researching the musical folklore of Chukchi, from the first references in the materials of travelers and missionaries of the XVIII–XIX centuries (G. Sarychev, F. Matiushkin, A. Argentov etc.) to the present time. Special attention is paid to the works of ethnographers of XIX–XX centuries V. Bogoraz, V. Kuznetsova, I. Vdovin and others, in which music is characterized as an integral part of ethnic culture. The article takes into account the data of archeology (N. Dikov), religious studies, philology and folklore studies (L. Belikov, V. Leontjev), art criticism (S. Ivanov, N. Kocheshkov), cultural studies, folk choreography (M. Zhornitsraya), linguistics (P. Skorik, P. Inenlikei) etc., which are relevant to musical culture. The musicological study of Chukchi folklore began in the XX century, it is associated with musical notation by E. Shirokogorova, sound fixations by E. Gippius, Z. Evald, E. Magid, P. Collaer, publications by H. Narva and V. Lytkin. The ethnomusicological studies associated with the works of I. Brodsky (Bogdanov), Yu. Sheikin, O. Dobzhanskaya, Z. Djachkova and others, multimedia publications of A. Lecomte, K. Tanimoto, etc. Some publications of cultural workers and leaders of Chukchi amateur musical-dancing groups (E. Rul’tyneut, O. Geuntonau, G. Tagrina, V. Tymnevje) also considered.

Keywords: Chukchi, paleo-Asiatic peoples, musical folklore, musical ethnography, research of Chukchi musical folklore

Werner Н. K. COMPREHENSIVE DICTIONARY OF KET (WITH RUSSIAN, GERMAN AND ENGLISH TRANSLATION) (VOL. I–II, LINCOM GMBH, MÜNCHEN, 2015, 943 s. ED. BY E. KOTOROVA AND A. NEFEDOV) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 4 (14). P. 159-162

Publication of the Comprehensive Dictionary of Ket (with Russian, German and English translation) (vol. I–II, LINCOM gmbh, MÜNCHEN, 2015, 943 s. Ed. by E. Kotorova and A. Nefedov is an important event for the studies in Yeniseic languages. This edition is a significant achievement in Ket language scholarship, which allows to understand better the structure of this unusual languages and serves as a good basis for further studies of Ket by future generations of Ket language scholars. The significance of this achievement is hard to overestimate, it is of great interest not only for linguists. Kets, as many other Siberian indigenous languages, did not have literacy, and the dictionary bridges information gaps on lifestyle, traditional economy, spiritual and material culture, migrations and inter-ethnic contacts, as well as on the geographical environment of Kets of past and present.

Sundueva Ekaterina Vladimirovna THE OBSCENE WORDS OF BURYAT LANGUAGE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 2 (12). P. 49-56

The author considers the functioning of obscene words in the Buryat language as statements with different objectives, interjections and pejorative words. The research is based on data of the Barguzin dialect of the Buryat language, which preserved the vocabulary of this semantic field. It is revealed that the Buryat obscene words are not used in the speech for the purpose of sending, oaths, and as a neutral insertion. The frequent dyad: ütegen ‘vulva’ – ozgoi ‘penis’ is the core component of obscene words if western dialects of the Buryat language. It is used as interjections, which express extreme variety of emotional connotations (fright, surprise, admiration, regret, etc.). Formulas in question having resemblance with the sentences are curses aimed on extinction of the kin. Equivalent of the third component of "obscene triad" in the Russian language with the meaning 'futuere' is not so productive in the Buryat language. The author analyses the etymology of some words of this semantic field, describes some ways to protect from being cursed. The obscene words of the Buryat language are used not only in speech. They function in shamanic songs, connected to the continuation of the kin, and reversing infertility.

Keywords: Buryat language, dialect, words, interjection, pejorative

Lemskaya Valeriya Mikhaylovna CHULYM TURKS: POPULATION DECREASE AS A RESULT OF ETHNOLINGUISTIC SELF-IDENTITY TRANSFORMATION // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 2 (2). P. 50-55

Chulym Turks are an indigenous people group inhabiting the middle flow of River Chulym in the Tomsk Region and Krasnoyarsk Territory who were officially recognized only in 2000. Some scholars claim the Chulym Turks to be part of the Khakass people, however, this is not considered justified (see works by A. P. Dul’zon, E. L. L’vova etc.) due to this becoming an excessively generalized grouping of ethnic groups detached historically and quite differing linguistically. There are several criteria possibly satisfying the demand for identifying an indigenous group: etymology of (last) names, sociological characteristics, language, etc. Nevertheless, the Chulym Turkic linguistic varieties have never been normalized, the system of writing has not been introduced which strongly hinders the ‘objective’ analysis of the quality of language use among the community. Moreover, the questions on language use in the All-Russian censuses of 2002 and 2010 demanded answers based on the population’s self-estimation only and did not provide a specification of the terms used (especially regarding language). The author suggests that the term native language (Russian родной язык) used in the questionnaire of the censuses actually implies a traditional ethnic language whereas the population’s understanding of the former term makes direct parallels with the original lexeme from which the term native (Russian родной) is derived: a ‘clan, family, kin’. Thus, when claiming the Chulym Turkic language to be a native language the respondent must not necessarily have reflected the language they were fluent at, while their selection of nationality (Russian национальность) may have been the result of preference in favor of this or that community with a strong economic and social motivation. In this light, the author believes that the drastic decrease of the Chulym Turkic population from 656 in 2002 to 355 in 2010 is accounted for the transformation of ethnolinguistic selfidentification rather than any ‘natural’ reasons.

Keywords: Chulym Turks, ethnos, identification, ethnolinguistic self-identity

Grosheva Galina Vasilyevna GERMAN DISCOURSE ABOUT THE PAST AND THE PROBLEM OF CORRELATION OF NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN IDENTITY OF GERMANS (SECOND HALF OF XX – BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURIES) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 3 (5). P. 57-67

The relevance of the topic is defined by the ongoing discussions currently taking place in Germany on the correlation of national and European identity levels of Germans. The scientific novelty of the approach presented in the paper is defined by its addressing to the problem of attitude of the German society towards “the recent historical past” and its influence on the transformation of national self-consciousness of Germans within the frameworks of European identity formation. The conventional historiography considers the problem of German’s attitude towards “historical succession” while the author pays attention to the problem of “collective guilt” of German nation for the crimes of Third Reich, also considering the issues of “separated German nation” while existence of German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany. The article demonstrates the direct influence of the problem of overcoming the historical past on the transformation of national and formation of European identity levels of Germans. The evolution of German nation concept and the concept of historical policy before and after separation of Germany is considered in a close relation with the process of building the European identity, German intellectual elite and government being its main actors. The specific properties of the mentioned processes are also peculiar to western and eastern Germans as well as the influence of world society on these processes. The conclusion is made about the formation in present Federal Republic of Germany the careful policy of updating the national identity of Germans and consolidation of German nation within the frameworks of universal principles of legal state and values of European democracy.

Keywords: National identity of Germans, the German nation, European identity of Germans, historical memory, historical policy

Danilova Aleksandra Victorovna, Rybacov Dmitriy Yuryevich ROLLER CERAMICS OF CHERDASHNY LOG III BURIAL MOUND – ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF DISCOVERING // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 2 (4). P. 52-58

Tomsk Trans-Ob region is situated in the forest-steppe zone at the borderline of two large natural geographic zones. The accessibility of Tomsk Trans-Ob is instrumental in discovering the models and mechanisms of cultural interaction between populations of Western Siberia in a wide chronological range. Thereupon the importance of using available archaeological monuments’ sources in their archaeological context is determined. The article concerns materials of Cherdashny Log III burial mound, which dates back to VI–VIII centuries A. D. They include 119 intact vessels and their fragments, 20 of which are ornamented with rollers. The analysis of roller ceramics spreading and its correlation to archaeological structures allows to discover the funeral rite’s peculiarity according to which putting vessels with roller ornaments into graves was not customary. In general they were discovered in burial mounds’ floors, and this fact shows that it was used for funeral activities. Thereupon it is possible to conclude that this peculiarity of the roller ceramics place in the burial mound’s planigraphy is caused by the chronological order when funeral actions were held some time after the burial. The article also concerns the main concepts of roller ceramics appearance in Western Siberia. With regard to them there are two points of view. The first is related to the migration approach. According to it the roller ceramics origin is associated with the territory of Western Siberia including Yakutia and Zabaikalie, where it exists from late Stone Age to the late Middle Ages. According to the second approach, roller ceramics appearance is connected with cultural borrowing and it is an epochal question.

Keywords: Tomsk Priobie, the early Middle Ages, Cherdashny Log III burial mound, roller ceramics

Kaksin Andrey Danilovich ABOUT PARENTHETICAL MEANS OF EXPRESSION OF MODALITY IN THE KHANTY LANGUAGE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 2 (4). P. 9-16

The article describes some of the interjections and modal words of the Khanty language. These are the modal words and interjections, which can act as parenthetical components of the sentence. The article also elucidates the other distinctive feature of this category of words: they convey expressiveness, emotionality, subjective modality. Examples are given from the texts in Kazym and Wakhovski dialects of the language. For Kazym dialect there is also the material, which is recorded by the author. It is noted that in the Khanty language, there is a certain group of introductory words, which are mainly the modal words, though not any. These are those modal words that point to the degree of reliability of reported information, express certain emotions or attitudes, serve for establishing and maintaining contact, characterize a train of thought, point to information source. In Khanty, these are words like ałpa ‘evidently’, sorni χătł ‘what a happiness!’, vante ‘look!’, śŏχtijn ‘however it is possible!’, nεš ‘(it) appears’, etc. In the description of the isolated examples of interjections and modal words in Khanty it is registered that their entry into the phrase as an additional (“accumulating”) semantic component is typically emphasized. Especially it concerns interjections, which are defined as unchangeable words serving for the expression of emotional and strongwilled reactions to reality. As for semantics, it is also noted that interjections regularly enter into the structure of fixed collocations and phraseology units. It is revealed that these collocations have mainly expressive character. The data from informal conversations appear to confirm the main conclusions of the author.

Keywords: language modality, subjective modality, interjection, modal words, parenthetical components, Khanty (Khanty language)

Arkhipov A. V., Däbritz Chris Lasse HAMBURG CORPORA FOR INDIGENOUS NORTHERN EURASIAN LANGUAGES // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2018. Issue 3 (21). P. 9-18

The long-term INEL project (2016–2033), carried out at the University of Hamburg, aims to develop digital linguistic corpora and supporting infrastructure for a number of selected languages of Northern Eurasia. At present, corpora of Selkup, Kamas and Dolgan are being created. The project builds upon existing materials from various archive sources, including the Selkup archive of Angelina I. Kuzmina preserved at the University of Hamburg, Kamas audio recordings from the archives in Tartu and Helsinki, and Dolgan recordings provided by the House of the Cultures of Taimyr Peninsula. All the texts in the corpora are provided with a phonological transcription, morphological interlinear glossing, free translations; selected subsets also bear additional annotations for semantic and syntactic features, information status of referents, borrowings and code-switching. The corpora are intended for typologically aware grammatical research but may also be of interest for a wider audience. A number of satellite information resources are also being developed, contributing towards a more efficient research infrastructure.

Keywords: INEL project, corpora, Selkup, Kamas, Dolgan, archive materials, grammar, language contacts, interlinear glossing, annotation

Zhamsaranova Raisa Gandybalovna THE ONYM NELYUDSKY OSTROG (NERCHINSKY OSTROG), NIKAN TSARSTVO AND CHINESE GOU-GO IN THE ASPECTS OF CIVILIZATION PROCESSES ON THE TERRITORY OF NORTHERN ASIA // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 2 (4). P. 42-51

The paper deals with the ethno linguistic discourse of some proper names of medieval origin from the perspective of cross-cultural and cross-linguistic contacts of the two types of ethnoses – the nomadic pastoralist and non-nomadic. The proper names are considered to code intercultural specificity of the ethnic mind, as well as to reveal the crosscultural peculiarities inside the semantic field of onyms.

Keywords: Nelyudsky Ostrog, Nerchinsky Ostrog, Nikan Tsarstvo, Chinese Gou-Go, “dog-headed” people, Nicans, “gromovnik”, Konursky tribe of Tungus, nonhumans/ half-people, State Archive of Zabaikalsky Kray, fratrial names of kets Kentan or Khanta

Barsukov Evgeny Vladimirovich, Berezovskaja Natalya Vladimirovna ANCIENT SETTLEMENT SHELOMOK – 125 YEARS OF ARCHEOLOGICAL STUDY // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 2 (2). P. 89-99

Ancient settlement Shelomok is situated to the south of Tomsk city, on the right side of the river Tom. It occupies a separately standing isolated hill between villages Anikino and Kolarovo. The artifact is multi-layered and dates to the late Bronze Age, early Iron Age, Middle Ages. The ancient settlement occupies almost the whole top of the isolated hill that has steep slopes. On the least vulnerable side, there are artificial consolidations in the form of a pit and two earthworks. The artifact is an action-packed history of study. In 1888 the settlement and findings from its territory were mentioned for the first time, 125 years have passed since that moment. Regular archeological excavations are being performed here since 1944, but they picked special intensity at the end of 1970s – the beginning of 1980s. As of today, the collection from this site is estimated at thousands of items, but, unfortunately, the materials were published only selectively and had never been issued as a whole. Evidence of iron works production is of particular interest, as it allowed the researchers to reconstruct the technological processes of the Middle Ages. In 2011–2012 exploratory works on the artifact were carried out, aimed to survey the data on the current state of the site. Geographical position was plotted and survey of the isolated hill was performed by laser scanning, administered by experts of Tomsk Polytechnic University using Leica Scan Station C10.

Keywords: archeological studies, Tomsk TransOb region, ancient settlement, laser scanning

Volkov Vladimir Gennadievich ANCIENT MIGRATIONS OF SAMOYEDS AND YENISEIANS IN LIGHT OF GENETIC DATA // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 79-96

Analysis of the distribution of genetic haplogroups reveals the homeland of these groups and clarifies the direction of migrations of the genetic ancestors of the modern Samoyedic and Yeniseian people. This article examines migrations of ancient Samoyeds and Yeniseians based on the analysis of Y-chromosome markers. The main male haplogroup of Samoyeds is a genetic haplogroup N1b. Ancient Samoyeds migrated from Sayan to the Lower Ob region along the Yenisei River. Samoyeds then migrated from the north to the south along the Ob River. These results are thus, a confirmation of the so-called Sayan theory, according to which Sayan region is a place of origin of Samoyeds. Ancient migrations of Yeniseian people are marked by haplogroup Q1a3. This group is represented with a frequency of 84% in the gene pool of Kets. Genetic ancestors of Kets migrated from Sayan to the north along the Yenisei River. In their majority, Selkups also share the haplogroup Q (66.4%). Thus, the core component of the gene pool of Selkups is the component that is related to that of Kets. Genetic ancestors of Selkups are ancient migrants from the south of Central Asia (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan). Reconstruction of ancient migrations of Samoyeds and Yeniseians suggests that haplogroup Q1a3 could be present in the Samus culture and other cultures of the Middle and Upper Ob. Genetic data correlates well with the archaeological and linguistic methods. Conclusion. The use of genetic data can more accurately identify the ancient migrations of the populations and verify various existing hypotheses based on linguistic and archaeological data.

Keywords: genetics, archeology, Samoyeds, Yeniseians, Selkups, Samus culture, crestdimple pottery culture, haplogroups, Ob region, Western Siberia

Avanesov Sergey Sergeyevich VISUAL ANTHROPOLOGY AS A RESEARCH DISCIPLINE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 68-74

Visual Anthropology is a modern dynamic interdisciplinary "industry" of the humanities, based on research experience in the field of ethnography, sociology, history, cultural phenomenology, phenomenology of religion, social psychology, aesthetics and semiotics. The subject of visual anthropology is a set of visual presentations of social and cultural communities and traditions. In the interests of visual anthropology we get all available visual fixation and transmission of social and cultural forms of expression of meaning. Visual images take up a significant segment of the culture as a social-communicative system. Currently, the image has become a leading medium of expression and transmission of important information. "Visual turn" in the culture, which is associated with the focus shift from the semantic aspect of the image to its syntax, is recorded and described. Human ontology and culture fundamentally transformed in connection with this turn. The question about the "correctness" of the image disappears because of the elimination of its referential parameter. The image is now measured not by fidelity of reality, but on the effectiveness of its impact on the recipient: the priority shifts from its identity to its functionality. Since the entire anthropological reality is concentrated in this sort of images, the attitude to reality becomes technical, manipulative. Visual anthropology is actively formed as an integral research discipline, the focus of which is on visual acts - human action or set of actions (both synchronous and consecutive), relating to the visual image, i.e. is an active, aimed at the production, broadcast and use of a visual image. Limiting activation of visual culture sector determines the relevance of research in visual anthropology and makes it one of the most dynamic areas of contemporary humanities.

Keywords: anthropology, culture, visual image, the visual turn

Nikiforova Sargylana Valentinovna ETHNOGRAPHIC CINEMA: TO THE PROBLEM OF GENRE BOUNDARIES // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2020. Issue 3 (29). P. 151-160

We analyze «artistic and ethnographic» (as the authors position it) of the film «Yakut Wedding. XIX century» (2016), in which creation the leading ethnographers of the republic took an active part. The film is an example of anthropological staged movie. Visualization of the folklore text (wedding ceremony), as a parade, displays the cultural codes of the ethnos, a semiotic analysis of which is proposed in order to determine the genre specificity of ethnographic cinema. The film as a visual anthropological study of folklore text offers an interpretation of the chromatic code of the Yakut culture (analysis of the semantics of white in the culture of herders). The analysis of the musical and acoustic code is carried out: the bride’s long song — reconstruction of the archaic meloform; analysis of intonation of the participants of the ritual as a speech characteristic. In addition, an analysis of the kinetic, culinary, and numerical codes of culture visualized in the film is presented. Based on the materials of festival cinema and the works of modern researchers in the field of visual anthropology, the characteristics of ethnographic cinema are generalized. Criteria are proposed, that distinguish ethnographic from other genres of documentary films. In our opinion, any representation, including a visual one made by a person about a person, is anthropological in nature. It is revealed that the genre of ethnographic cinema involves a detailed accented consideration of everyday life; search for similarities and differences of cultural texts; scientific commentary (interpretation); direction of collective perception (manipulation); creating the illusion of being here and now; the desire to convey the aura of culture as much as possible; implantation or indigenous films; "embed" the camera; «included» cinema, the achievement of naturalness; iconophobia «avoiding direct gaze»; the inclusion of the viewer in reflective activity (empathy); obligatory consonance of film aesthetics with aesthetics of culture; preference for the look of a «stranger»; «the illusion of a neutral observer». The features of the stylistics of cinematic ethnography of the Yakuts, the problems of mutual framing in multilevel and multivalent indigenous cinema are considered. It is proved that ethnographic cinema is not only a commentary on culture, and self-portrait is not an end in itself. The film is not limited to the experience of reconstruction of the rite, but it represents a mentality, is an act of self-awareness of culture.

Keywords: ethnographic cinema, folklore text, semiotic analysis, rite reconstruction, cultural codes, visual anthropology, identity

Chertykova Mariya Dmitrievna CONCEPTUAL SPACE УЙАТ “SHAME TO BE ASHAMED” IN THE KHAKASS LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2017. Issue 1 (15). P. 44-51

In this article on the example of a lexeme уйат “shame to be ashamed” and its derivatives are considered how concepts “shame”, “conscience”, “shyness”, “shame” in the Khakass language picture of the world work. It is established that уйат “shame to be ashamed” is a concept more likely social and ethical: the active use of connecting combinations (уйатха сух- “to dishonor; letters to thrust into shame” and уйатха кир- “to dishonor; letters to enter into shame”) demonstrates that the responsibility for violation the subject of moral ethical standards lays down also on his relatives and relatives. Semantics of the word уйат joins a shade of the concept “conscience”, however at realization it is represented difficult to part these two values. We consider that such picture developed in a type of the fact that in the Khakass emotional sphere the shame before society surpasses the idea of individual rational judgment (conscience).

Keywords: Khakass language, a concept, уйат “shame to be ashamed”, a lexeme, the subject, a language picture of the world

Lukina Nadezhda Vasilyevna KHANTY SACRIFICE RITUAL // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 2 (2). P. 106-114

The paper reviews the analysis of the key aspects of Khanty sacrifice ritual (exemplified by Yugan Khanty group). 1) Addressees of the sacrifice: general deities (Katl’ ‘Sun’, Myx Anki ‘Mother Earth’, etc.); local deities (Jagun Iki ‘Oldman of Yugan-river’, Evut Imi ‘Devine Oldwoman’, etc.); home deity lunk. 2) The subjects making the sacrifice: ritual initiator; actors (masters of ceremony, leading actors, general actors, passive attendees); special role is played by the keeper of the deity. 3) Depending on the category of deity, the ritual is can be held: at any location, in the wood, near the water, at the vicinity of a particular settlement, at the sacred place of the deity, inside the sacred shed (ambarchik), inside the dwelling, etc. 4) The timing of the sacrifice ritual depends on the category of the deity, on the lunar cycle, on the life circumstances, other factors. 5) Types of sacrifice ritual: treatment - Pory; sacrifice of animals – Jir; giving of the objects. 6) Sacrificial treats. During the sacrificial treatments of the deities Pory, regular food and wine is offered. During the Jir, the meat of the sacrificial animal is boiled. Gifts to the deities include: clothes, scarfs, coins, garments for the deities, etc. 7) Actions: placing of the gifts at the location of the ritual; sacrifice of the animal; addresses to the deities; nods and turns following the Sun; partaking of the food and drinks. The analysis is based on the field data collected by the author in 1970s – 1980s. The paper closes with the sketch description of the exemplar ritual.

Keywords: Khanty, sacrifice ritual, key aspects, exemplar ritual

Dobzhanskaya Oksana Eduardovna THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON NGANASAN SHAMANISM // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 2 (2). P. 100-105

The paper discusses the history of research on Nganasan shamanism of the period from the 18th century till present. The works on shamanism written by Russian and foreign ethnographers, linguists, musiclogists are studied. Dating back to the 18th century, the works of researchers and travellers mentioned shamanism in Samoyedic cultures. The detailed description of data on shamanism is found in the works of A. F. Middendorf, A. A. Mordvinov, P. I. Tretjakov written in the 19th century. The consistent ethnographic study of Nganasan shamanism dates back to the end of 1920s and was performed by Soviet researchers. Andrey Alexandrovich Popov described the rituals of the “Clean Chum”, documented the stages and procedures of the rituals, discussed the shaman rituals in the cultural context, and provided illustrations of the shaman’s clothes and artefacts. In 1978 during the fieldtrip Yurij Borisovich Simchenko collected and later published photo, video and text data of the Nganasan shaman rituals which are of great value. The research work of Galina Nikolaevna Gracheva focuses on shamanism in the context of old Nganasan beliefs about mothers of nature. In the 1990–2000s Nikolaj Pluzhnikov and Jean-Luc Lambert studied shamanism in the perspective of folklore texts (stories about shamans). The published catalogues of the museum collections of Taimyr Local Lore Museum, Museum of Ethnography on Lama Lake are a valuable source of ethnographic data. The linguist E. A. Helimski and the folklore researcher N. T. Kosterkina first published the texts on shaman rituals in Nganasan. Ethnomusicological research on shaman rituals of the Nganasans was performed by O. E. Dobzhanskaya. Unfortunately, at present the decline in shaman practices of the Nganasans is observed. The immediate heirs of shamans, who preserved the immitation forms of the shamanic activities, passed away in 2011–2012. In conclusion it should be noted that the Nganasan shamanism as a cultural phenomenon attracts interest of young researchers who participate in the conferences in Norilsk and Dudinka. The research topic is still strong and relevant which gives hope that there will be works focusing on the new forms of shamanic beliefs and rituals persisting in the modern life of the Nganasans.

Keywords: Nganasans, shamanism, shaman rituals, shaman beliefs, researchers of shamanism

Yurchenkova Elizaveta Yuryevna WORD MOTIVATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF LANGUAGE (BY IN RUSSIAN HERBS NAMES) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 3 (5). P. 23-38

The article deals with word motivation in the dynamics of language according to the data of a psycholinguistic experiment. The experiment was intended to analyze motivation of herbs names in the view of their linguistic development. There were chosen 23 Russian herbs names (names of wild herbaceous medical plants growing in the Western and Eastern Siberia), which were analyzed and classified depending on their motivation before the experiment. Respondents were to answer the question “Why do you think these plants have such names?” during the experiment. There were asked 54 respondents. 1242 given responses were determined into seven groups after the analysis of experiment data. The further study considered the amount of responses in each group. Thus all the chosen herbs names tend to be both motivated and not motivated. 12 of them show features of remotivation, lexicalization of the inner form of the word and demotivation. 11 names show small or no features of any dynamic motivation changes. No names have features of neo-motivation or idiomatic changes. It should be also noted, that some motivation features were not considered during the experiment and so need further studies probably appealing to other languages.

Keywords: motivation, motivology, motivational features, nominational features, herbs, remotivation, demotivation, lexicalization, inner form of the word

Mekheda Marina Ivanovna INFORMATIVENESS IN NONCE WORD FORMATION PROCESS (BASED ON TERRY PRATCHETT’S NONCE WORDS) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 4 (6). P. 43-48

The article deals with the informativeness of a nonce word as the main principle of the nonce word creation process. The informativeness of a lexical unit is treated as the information which the sign contains (Galperin I.). The value of the information received from the lexical unit can be acquired from such parameters as its frequency of occurrence (the more unique the unit the more valuable the information is) (Martine A.), from its form (some models of word formation are more marked iconically than others, also from its semantics. According to those parameters nonce words can be considered of great informative value due to their uniqueness, combination of formal and semantic characteristics, expressiveness and axiological value. The nonce words under consideration are taken from the works of world-famous British writer Sir Terry Pratchett, who is widely known as a master of wordplay. The chosen nonce words can be examined as examples of word formation potential models dwelling specifically on the mechanism of their creation and functioning. Having analyzed some of the examples it can be suggested that the informative value of a nonce word is of great importance during the creation process. The nonce word can influence the Recipient through the uniqueness of its form which is often the violation of a certain norm (for example, the norm of combination of phonemes or morphemes). The nonce word may function as an expressive and emotional center of the utterance due to its originality and sometimes articulatory complexity as well as unnaturalness. The amalgamation of elements (formal as well as semantic) make the nonce word highly loaded semantically combining separate meanings of parts of a complex word and mixing them with enforced expressiveness and often ironic connotation due to iconically marked models of word formation. All those characteristics make a nonce word a valid choice for a Speaker to express a new idea which probably had no verbal equivalent so far on the one hand, and on the other hand this new creation possesses all the elements to influence and persuade the Recipient.

Keywords: word formation, nonce word, informativeness, model, expressiveness

Bakhshiev Ilshat Intizam ogly, Kufterin Vladimir Vladimirovitch, Bakhshiev Ruslan Intizam ogly, Gizzatov Dim. Zamirovich THE NEW BURIAL OF THE EARLY MIDDLE AGE IN UFA // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2017. Issue 1 (15). P. 52-69

The article is dedicated to the publishing and interpretation of materials of the new burial of the Early Middle Age in Ufa. Geographically and typologically the burial is related to a group of necropolises of turbaslinskaya culture in the Pre-Urals. Analysis of the materials of the adjoining complexes allowed to consolidate separated burials of the left bank of the river Sutoloka to united burial complex – the cemetery I Old Ufa (V–VI centuries AD).

Keywords: the Middle Ages, Ufa, burial ritual, turbaslinskaya culture

Kaksin Andrey Danilovich NAMES OF THE RIVERS OF KHAKASSIA IN THE LIGHT OF DATA ON LANGUAGE FAMILIES (YENISEI, URAL, ALTAI) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2018. Issue 1 (19). P. 41-48

Article has survey character, and in it different versions of origin of non Turkic water-names of Khakassia are considered (and the adjoining regions of Tyva, the Kemerovo region, Mountain Altai). The explanation of origin of a number of local-name material from classic Yenisei and Samoyed languages is confirmed by conclusions of the famous comparative studies concerning “linguistic history” of Southern Siberia. The article deals in detail with two, supplementing each other, interpretations of origin of water-names of the rivers in the territory of Khakassia. According to the opinion of the famous archeologist L. R. Kyzlasov, the etymology of more than 50 non Turkic water-names of the region can be connected with material of the Samoyed and Ugrian languages which were once occurring in this territory. According to A. P. Dulzon, in disputable cases first of all it is necessary to look for Yenisei (generally – Ket) for a basis of formation of water-names of this territory. Thus, both approaches specify the right direction of search: A. P. Dulzon's interpretations do not allow to use “Ugric Samoyedic material” in those cases where the explanation with Ket is possible (more widely – Yenisei). The origin of water-names on -ba (-be), really, is well explained by the Samoyed heritage. Doubts arise concerning water-names on -as (concerning which L. R. Kyzlasov writes that in this case “the Ugrian trace” is clearly visible). Accepting treatment concerning origin of water-names on -ba (-be), the author of the article considers that in case of names on -as it is possible to state that they are Samoyed too: this element of non Turkic water-names of the considered region reflects Uralic (Ugrian and Samoyed languages) heritage.

Keywords: local-names, water-names, Southern Siberia, Khakassia, Turkic languages, Altai languages family, Uralic languages, Yenisei languages

Tuchkova Natalya Anatolyevna TOPONYMIC MODELS OF PLACENAME FORMATION IN SELKUP // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 97-116

The paper discusses the types of toponym formation of Selkup settlements of southern and central dialectal groups of Selkup. The analysis is based on more than 200 stationary Selkup settlements (yurts) which were found in the area of the Middle Ob in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries. The information about Selkup names of settlements was obtained from the publications of A. F. Plotnikov (1901), S. K. Patkanov (1911), V. Nagnibeda (1927), C. Papae (1952; the data collected in 1888), E. G. Becker (1965), as well as geographical maps of the period and unpublished sources: the data from church parish registers and the field notes of the author. Four major types of toponymic models of place-name formation and the areas of their distribution are defined. Two main toponymic areas approximately coincide with the boundaries of settlements of chumylkup (common formants -kynak, -nak, karamo) and syussykum (-kanet / -gayet, -dabu, -anga). For the area of the chumylkups it was found that the place names of the river basins of the Kenga (namely, upper and middle), the Chizhapka (lower and middle) and the Tym (upper and lower) are particularly similar in structure. Along the Ob there can be found areas with the attested suffix -n, and the adjective suffixes -l/l’ (in chumylkup) and -j (in the area of the southern dialects). In addition, the microarea identified with the suffix -sa / -tsa (without added nomenclature terms ed or et 'settlement') was outlined – the area along the Ob (between the mouths of the Parabel and the Tym). The identification of toponymic areas will allow researchers to speak more convincingly about the migration of various Selkup groups within their domesticated territory, and will provide the opportunity to draw ethnohistorical conclusions about the process of the development of the Middle Ob.

Keywords: Selkup, Middle Ob, local groups, stationary settlements, settlement names, types of toponym formation, arуфы of distribution of toponymic models

Tereshchenko Anna Vasil'evna INTERPRETATION OF THE STYLISTIC DEVICE OF METAMORPHOSIS: SELKUP FAIRY TALES AND WORLD MYTHOLOGY DATA // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 3 (5). P. 39-48

The article deals with the stylistic device metamorphosis and peculiarities of its representation in Selkup fairy tales and world mythology. Metamorphosis together with hyperbole and metaphor is one of the most ancient and effective stylistic devices that is widely used in different folklore and literature genres. In modern linguistics this stylistic device is not thoroughly investigated. Moreover, there is no common point of view on the nature, grounds and motivation of metamorphosis. Every fairy tale and myth is a complex folklore work that contains all plot constituent parts, characters with their speech peculiarities, philosophic/instructive conclusions. Many aspects of fairy tales discourse need detailed linguistic study. Selkup fairy tales (for example, folk tales of Narym Selkups, the Parabel region fairy tales) and different ethnic myths (Aztec, Native American, Greek) served as the basis for linguistic research. During the analysis of folk and mythological plots the author determines ways, reasons, character and motivation of metamorphoses that happened with people/objects involved in the narration. Metamorphoses have different functions in mythological and fairy tales discourse, i.e. the mean of plot-building, way of revealing hero’s character or manner of creating emotional tension (climax). The grounds of transformation can be the following: “magical escape” motive, motive of turning into stone, touching or eating magical things, putting on/off skin of birds/animals. Metamorphoses that lead to the creation of animate as well as inanimate (toponyms, landscape parts) objects are considered in the article. The modern interpretation of metamorphosis in world literary tradition is analyzed.

Keywords: metamorphosis, stylistic device, the Selkup language, Selkup fairy tales, world mythology, folklore, transformation, plot, motive

Volkov Vladimir Gennadievich GENE POOL OF SOUTH SELKUPS IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2015. Issue 4 (10). P. 109-122

At the present time, population genetics has taken only the first steps in the study of the gene pool of the Southern Selkup. As a result of expeditions, data were obtained on the composition of male lineages of South Selkups. These data allow to solve a some problems of the ethnogenesis of this people. This article describes the structure of the gene pool of the Southern Selkup from data on Y-chromosome polymorphism. It is concluded that the spread of genetic lineages showed near-perfect correspondence with certain territories and ethnic groups of Southern Selkup. The article reveals the territorial origin of the genetic lineages and gives an approximate dating of the emergence of these lineages on the territory of the Narym Ob. There are suggestions that genetic lineages connect with carriers of certain archaeological cultures. It is concluded that the presence of most of the genetic lineages in the territory of Narym Ob to be dated already in pre-Kulai era.

Keywords: South Selkup, Narym Ob, genetics, history, archeology

Zaytseva Tatiana I. STYLISTIC FEATURES OF GENDER DISCOURSE IN THE CONTEMPORARY DOMESTIC MEDIEVAL STUDIES (FOLLOWING THE HEADLINES OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2017. Issue 3 (17). P. 65-79

This article analyzes the titles of articles and chapters, monographs and collections of Russian scientists on the history of Germany, France and Western Europe from the 10th to the first half of the 16th century concerning problems of gender relations, as published during the last three decades (1985–2015). The purpose of the article is to identify stylistic features of gender problems in scientific discourse of the Russian Medievalists based on a lingvocultural approach. Comprehensive analysis of the stylistic features of gender patterns (tropes and figures of speech) allows us to get access to the matter of conceptual significance of the substantive elements of the names, and to trace the connection between characteristic of the discussion of gender in medieval studies and general attitudes towards this phenomenon and practices associated with it.

Keywords: contemporary domestic medieval studies, headlines of scientific publications, gender discourse, stylistic features

Kotin Mikhail L. THE CATEGORIAL CONVERGENCE IN THE SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC PERSPECTIVES: THE CATEGORY OF MODALITY // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 45-57

One of the major systemic features of a part of speech is its numerous and diverse overlaps of different categorial functions. On the other hand, a set of forms, organized into a paradigm of a part of speech, is not a closed inventory as the forms of a particular part of speech interact with the forms of other parts of speech. Apart from common functions, each category features an extensive «covert» set of functions which can potentially be realized as long as it is allowed and required by the holistic architectonics of the paradigm. The gradual disappearance of some categories and emergence of others is always paralleled with redistribution of functions of each category. The paper focuses on the interrelation of the grammatical category of mood with the category of tense and, more generally the convergence processes in temporal and modal reference, as well as interrelation of modality and aspect. The study is accomplished in a diachronic and typological perspective which allows revealing numerous overlaps of the corresponding categorial functions of different members of a verbal paradigm as well as diverse categorial shifts emerging in the process of language evolution. The «substitutional» function of grammatical forms (e.g. the indirect modal interpretation of the indicative forms, the indirect modal interpretation of aspect constructions, or, on the contrary, the indirect Aktionsart interpretation of the modal forms, etc.) arising from the general principle of the categorial convergence is a crucial factor.

Kryukova Elena Aleksandrovna THE KET LANGUAGE: FROM DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS TO INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 38-44

For centuries, linguists have been interested in the possibility of a genetic relationship between Siberian and Native American languages. In 1968 in his fundamental work “The Ket Language”, A.P. Dulzon wrote: “The Ket language being the most studied in the group of Yeniseian languages has a very complicated and peculiar verb morphology system. This system has many typological correspondences in its main features with the verb morphology system of Basque, Burushaski, many Caucasian languages and Native American’s languages” (Dulzon 1968). This paper focuses on common problems connected with the extinction of the Ket language and the current sociolinguistic situation in areas where Kets currently reside. Work on recording, processing and digitalizing archived language data performed at the Department for Siberian Indigenous Languages of Tomsk State Pedagogical University is also described below. The paper concludes with a linguist’s point of view on the hypothesis of Dene-Yeniseian relationship and also a lay-person’s point of view on it.

Keywords: Ket language, sociolinguistic situation, language shift, linguistic corpus, Dene-Yeniseian Hypothesis

Kotorova Elizaveta Georgievna COMMUNICATIVE-PRAGMATIC FIELD AS A METHOD OF COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTION FOR MEANS OF SPEECH ACTS REALIZATION // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 58-67

Comparative studies of two or several languages are a priority of the modern linguistic science. Such studies help discover similarities and differences in the structure and functioning of the languages under study, which in turn may serve as a basis for typological generalizations. There is a tendency to cover all the levels of language structure as well as every single phenomenon, although no such multifaceted comparison has been completed for a concrete language pair so far. Along with some other linguistic phenomena, those of text and discourse still remain to be explored. The main constituent of discourse is the speech act that follows the rules and principles of speech behavior inherent to a given language community. A key component of the speech act is represented by illocutionary force which characterizes the communicative intentions of a speaker and embodies the communicative function of an utterance. Various means of expressing every concrete illocutionary act can be represented as a field. Examination of this field allows us to discover how frequent and prototypical each single means realizing a given utterance in the language is. The field principle has proven to be a productive means for revealing relations existing in the lexical-semantic and grammatical system of language. The article introduces a new type of field, the communicative-pragmatic field, intended for the analysis of linguistic realization of communicative behavior of interactants. The first part of the paper defines the place of the field in question among other types of fields, and describes the principles of the organization of the field as well as its structure and composition. The aim of a communicative act or its illocutionary force is regarded as a dominant that provides a possibility to consolidate all possible speech act realizations with a given illocutionary force in a language into a field. Thereby “communicative-pragmatic field” is understood as the totality of utterances realizing the same illocutionary purpose and the same strategy of communication. The second part discusses the main principles and peculiarities of the linguistic analysis based on the communicative-pragmatic field approach through the example of several speech acts. It also presents some communicative-pragmatic fields in Russian-English and Russian-German comparison. Special attention is focused on the place of performative utterances and indirect speech acts in the composition of different communicative-pragmatic fields. As a rule, performative verbs and utterances are generally regarded as prototypical forms of the realization of a certain illocutionary purpose. The results of the investigations however support the conclusion that the role of performative utterances in the expression of an illocutionary force depends on the speech act class and speech act type. It is possible to distinguish three types of coherence: 1) illocutionary act can be realized only by means of a performative verb (ex. christen, excommunicate etc.), 2) performative utterances are prototypical for the realisation of the illocutionary act, but besides there are many other means to express it (ex. excuse, promise, thank etc.), 3) illocutionary verb denoting the aim of the action can never be used as a performative one (ex. threaten, deceive, offend etc.)

Sokolova Zoya Petrovna MIND TURNED TO THE PRESENT: VLADIMIR N. BASILOV AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL SCIENCE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 1 (3). P. 119-139

The article contains the review of V. N. Basilov’s scientific activities and complete bibliography of his works. V. N. Basilov was one of outstanding Russian ethnographers. He made an enormous contribution to religious studies, especially to early forms including shamanism studies. His works (“Shamanism among the peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan”, Moscow, 1992; “Chosen by Spirits”, Moscow, 1984; “Cult of Saints in Islam”, Moscow, 1970; “What is shamanism? ” EO, 1997, № 5, etc.) have become classical. He also worked in other academic subjects, as the organizer and promoter of new areas of research. For almost all his life he was connected with the IEA. For a couple of years V. N. Basilov was a member of editorial boards of Etnologitcheskoje Obozrenie (EO) and Annual Field studies of IEA, in 1971–1978 he was the Academic Secretary and since 1987 up to 1998 – the Head of the IEA Central Asia and Kazakhstan Reseach Center. Besides he was one of those who had organized the exhibition “On the Silk Road, nomadic peoples of Eurasia” (1981–1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989 – in Japan, Finland, Sweden and the United States of America); participated in the voyage on board of “Dmitri Mendeleev” to the Papua New Guinea and then published seven articles and essays based on collected matherials. He published over 30 articles in special editions (encyclopedias and handbooks on history, social and culture anthropology еtс.) and those appeared in on a wide range of readers. The range of scientific interests of V. N. Basilov cover traditional cultures of Central Asia and the Caucasus, nomadic culture, problems of ethnogenesis and ethnic processes, history and development of dwelling, place and prospects of social and cultural anthropology in modern society. Based on a large body of field data and on profound knowledge of sources and literature his works still have great theoretical and methodological significance.

Chigrina Elena Vladimirovna WEDDING CEREMONIES OF TOMSK TATARS IN THE CONTEXT OF TATAR ETHNO-CULTURAL COMPLEX // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 117-124

Wedding ceremony is a complex set of customs and rituals, where we can find not only the social and legal norms of the present, but also preserved remnants of earlier stages of development. Development of native ethnography occurred in two ways: on the one hand, the actual material was accumulated in ethnography of peoples of the USSR, often only of a descriptive character and on the other hand, at the same time, the theoretical foundation for such research was developed. In the course of work on identifying the specific features of traditional wedding rituals of Tomsk Tartars, we tried to find the specific features of this ritual of microgroups, which formed the group of the Tomsk Tatars (Eushtins, Chats, Kalmaks). The authors who then described the rituals of different groups of Tatars (N.A. Tomilov, R.C. Urazmanova, F.T. Valeev) had no information about it. The information is sketchy. In our description of a wedding ceremony of microgroups of the Tomsk Tatars we employed field data, which was collected by the author of the paper in 2009–2012. We determined the following specific features of the traditional wedding of the Kalmak: plots of land were sometimes offered as the ransom of bride. «To pay» the ransom was hard, which was the reason for the long gap between the matchmaking and marriage; after wooing young couple a year or two; marriage portion was prepared after the matchmaking; the wedding was held the day after nikah; the wedding feast took place in the House of the bride. The Chats are marked by the following characteristics: horse races were held during a wedding celebration; when the bride was transported to her husband, bride wore a lot of clothes. The Eushtins: cradle conspiracy was spread very scarcely; a young couple could get acquainted by themselves. Thus, it becomes obvious that each microgroup had its own set of characteristic features in conducting the wedding ceremony (or a combination of sets), but to identify them in full requires further research and this has not yet been accomplished while writing this work, because these parts are missed in sources. By the way, over the last two or three centuries, microgroups fused into a united «Tomsk» group, and they established a common set of wedding ceremonies. However, the informants still have the memories of a specific character of a ritual. It is clear that this question requires further collection of data and additional comparative analysis. In conclusion, the Tatar culture consists of a variety of local options – Siberian (Tyumen, Tobolsk Tatars), Kazan (Kazan, as well as Chepeck, Perm). Materials were collected by the previous researchers and, first of all, N.А. Tomilov and the contemporary field data shed light on the «Tomsk» version of the local culture of the Tatar people, as manifested in the wedding ceremonies. The traditional wedding ceremony of Siberian Tatars was formed under the influence of the Kazan Tatars, so in the ritual area of «Siberian» (Tomsk, Tumen-Tobolsk) local varieties there are a lot of common features with the wedding ceremony of the Kazan Tatars.

Keywords: Tatars of Tomsk region, wedding rituals, microgroups

Kaksin Andrey Danilovich GROUPS OF THE WORDS CONNECTED WITH THE NOMINATION, THE CHARACTERISTIC AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PERSON IN NORTHERN DIALECTS OF THE KHANTY LANGUAGE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2017. Issue 2 (16). P. 18-24

Article reflects results of a preliminary research of the subject connected with studying of problems “the language and the world reflected in it” (with a binding to problems of a lexicology and lexicography). The modern ethnic linguistics (with a cognitive bias) is characterized by complexity of definition of basic concepts: “the lexical field”, “semantic structure”, “world picture”, “categorization of concepts of language”, “cognitive semantics”, “concepts”, “frames”, many others. Article is devoted to justification of division of group of the words connected with the nomination of the person on three subgroups: the words calling (χǎnti ‘the person; the Khanty’, χö ‘man’, nε ‘woman’ and others), characterizing (χon ‘king’, vełpas χö ‘hunter’, mis nε ‘milkmaid’, pił ‘fellow traveller’, łöχas ‘friend’, ǎs ‘parent’ and others) and estimating (tuvrεm ‘the hooligan; fidget, mischievous person’, uli-muli ‘silly; silly fellow; forgetful’, χǎrχ-murχ ‘indifferent; unsociable person’, siłka ‘swine; enemy’, χom ‘devil; damned’ and others). The analysis of the dictionary structure correlated to the person (or with image of the person), allows to reveal already at the first stage three main functional and semantic subgroups, and during the further research it is possible to define also possibilities of semantic transition between them (it is possible to find out, in particular, as the words calling and characterizing can be used as estimating). It is specified insufficient representation in dictionaries of the Khanty language of words of the third subgroup, on need of collection of information about such words and preparation for the edition of dictionary of ‘anthropological’ lexicon of the Khanty language (sensible and combinatory type).

Keywords: Personalized lexicon, functions of various (groups) words, nomination, characteristic, assessment, northern dialects of the Khanty language

Liliavina Elena Vladimirovna TATAR-MIGRANTS IN TOMSK AND ITS VICINITIES (XVII–XX centuries) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 3 (13). P. 60-73

The article deals with issues related to the resettlement of the representatives of the Tatar ethnic group in Western Siberia. The author singles out government reform as the main reason of migration to Siberia. In addition, they settled on the Tomsk area as traders and exiles; settlers went for a better share. The article observed that the territory of the Volga and Ural regions is the main source for the Tatar migration. The author identifies the resettlement areas of The tatar ethnic group. Some Tatars settled in the ethnic villages of the local (Tomsk) Tatars, some established new localities. Thus Yurts Kazan, Kirek, Birch River, Serebryakovsky, Novyi Kazanka, Novyi Islamboul, Nurkai, Tukai, Sarzas were formed the same way. Most of the studied settlements are the part of the Tomsk region.

Keywords: Siberia, Tomsk, resettlement, migration, Kazan tatars, Tomsk tatars, village settlers

Dobzhanskaya Oksana Eduardovna THE SHAMAN’S DRUM: A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT OR SHAMAN’S RIDING REINDEER? // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 2 (12). P. 81-90

The article analyzes the main images which associated with a shaman drum in the culture of the Samoyed peoples. These are: a drum-reindeer, a drum-boat, a drum-Universe, a drum-year, a drum-week, a drum-cloud and some individual reflections of shaman’s drum. Ethnological and ethnomusico-logical materials are interpreted through cultural geography that allows us to deepen the understanding of the figurative meanings of the Shaman drum. As one music instrument, a drum considered as a ritual attribute of a shaman. Special attention is paid to ideological properties of drum’s sounding. The article is based on published sources and the author's field materials, recorded in 1990 from D. D. Kosterkin.

Keywords: Samoyed peoples, Nganasans, Nenets, Enets, Selkups, musical instruments, shaman drum, the image of drum-reindeer, cultural geography, geo-cultural image

Kaksin Andrey Danilovich ABOUT A TABOO AND FALSE NAMES IN THE KHANTY AND KHAKASS LANGUAGES // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 1 (11). P. 45-52

In article comparison between a taboo (and the tabooed words) in languages of indigenous people of Siberia is carried out. For comparison material of two Siberian languages – Khanty and Khakass is attracted. This comparison testifies to identical approach to reflection of surrounding reality, but distinction in fragments of lexical systems of two languages. This difference is explained generally by that this fragment appeared in languages of the people living and living in different geographical conditions. Main line of comparison: “bear language” and the tabooed words as a part of the Khanty language and the “false words” of the Khakass language (functioning generally in the sphere of lexicon of hunting). At this taboo it is analyzed as the ban connected with magic function of language (speech) as the phenomenon, characteristic for the languages keeping lexicon of archaic culture. From among the tabooed words only that are used instead of synonymous by it the words or expressions which are represented inappropriate on hunting and in conversation on hunting, on behavior in “a hunting landscape” are considered. In culture of the Khanty the cult of a bear and a complex of myths and ceremonies, the called “bear holiday” or “bear merrymakings” is of great importance. The lexicon connected with this cult we also call actually a taboo. But happen in languages (in our case – Khanty and Khakass) and simply tabooed words, or false names used instead of usual words by the persons involved in the sphere of secret, forbidden, specific (trade).

Keywords: a taboo, the tabooed words, a fragment of lexical system, the Khanty language, the Khakass language

Mez F. I., Pletneva Lyudmila Mikhailovna ON THE BRONZE BUCKLE FROM THE BURIAL MOUND CHERDASHNY LOG III // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 2 (4). P. 59-71

The bronze buckle from the burial mound Cherdashny Log III is a unique find for the early medieval Western Siberia. The authors give a detailed description of the plot with multiple characters, special attention is paid to the stylistic features characteristic of small plastics of the early middle ages. Further there is the emphasis on the position of a seated man in the center of the plaque. Apparently, the oriental sitting posture with the crossed legs is typical in numerous artifacts of the early iron period – a more archaic feature. This posture could be seen in the figures of warriors – heroes – kings, for example on the decorated coin from the female Sarmat burial, one of the Kobjakovskij mound (the outskirts of Rostov-on-Don), on the handle of a bronze mirror from the elite Sarmat burial mound оf the I cent. CE within the Sokolova burial on the southern Bug river, on the bone artifact originating from the Kalalygyr-2 settlement on the left-bank Khwarezm, on the coins of the Indosaka rulers Maues and Azes II (I cent. BCE – I century CE), on the coins of the Kushan kings Kudzhila Kadzif, Vim Kadzif and Khuvishki of the I–II cent. CE. These analogues testify to the Iranian roots of the central figure of the bronze buckle from the Chardshnyj Log III. There are also a set of analogues in the Celtic tradition. The paper analyses the semantics of the buckle from the Cherdashnyj Log. Based on this semantics the threeworld structure can be argued: the Upper, the Middle and the Lower world. Based on the burial inventory, the buckle itself originates from an elite burial event. One of the hypothesis regarding the buckle’s role – is the co-reference with the dead hero – the progenitor, demiurge – as a connecting element between the worlds.

Keywords: middleages, early iron, Indo-Iranian world, bronze buckle, elite burial

Golovaneva Tatyana Aleksandrovna THE MEDICAL CHARMS: SEARCH FOR UNIVERSALS IN THEGENRE (BASED ON SLAVONIC AND KORYAK MATERIALS OF MEDICAL CHARMS) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2021. Issue 2 (32). P. 124-136

In this paper comparative analyses of therapeutic charms recorded from such ethical groups as Koryaks and Slavonic people are represented. Interaction between these groups (Koryaks and Slavonians) was minimal and they unrated genetically. During analysis comparative-typological method enabled to find similar typological phenomenon while comparing different empirical material. In folkloristic research charm traditions of native people from Far East is relatively poorly studied. At the same time Slavonic charm tradition has substantial background, which allows to use it as comparative material to find typologically similarities. There is no uniform structure of the charm text in different cultures, though some overlaps in the motives can be found in texts. In the charm text modulation of the situation with sacral character has a place but the character is specific for the traditional culture. In the plot of therapeutic charms, the sacral character has a function of healer who helps fight diseases. The route motive of the healer is universal. This motive is not only plot-forming for several charm texts, but also represents the initial point of the spell and magical healing ritual. The use of the spell requires special mental condition of the healer which is symbolized in the texts as a path, space crossing. The motive of disease banishment is also universal. The roots of this can be found in ancient representation of disease as an evil creature. Another characteristic feature of traditional healing process is appeal to daily circles. In particular, the sunrise id represented as healing time. Due to this concept in many ethnical tradition’s spells are pronounced and rituals are held during the sunrise. Despite ethnical tradition belief in magical healing agent is characteristic. Notably, elements of the fauna, teeth for example, are believed to have special power. The believe of the animal beginnings being equal to magical ones shows mythological basis for these motives. Even nowadays pieces of this mythological basis can be found in healing charms of different cultures.

Keywords: cultural universals, Slavonic folklore, Koryak folklore, healing charms, Slavonic charms, Koryak charms, sacral character, motive of the route

Chertykova Mariya Dmitrievna MEANS OF EXPRESSION OF THE SUBJECT IN CLAUSES WITH VERBS OF MENTAL ACTIVITY IN THE KHAKASS LANGUAGE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 1 (11). P. 36-44

The article deals with the identification and description of the basic means that represent a subject in verbal constructions of mental activity in the Khakass language. The authors give semantic characteristic of subjects that agree with the verbs of particular semantics and analyzes the most important semantic roles of the subject in theses verbal constructions. The functions and the names of these roles are determined by paradigmatic and sintagmatic specifics of the syntactic constructions of the analyzed language. In all the cases explicating intellectual activity, emotional experience, behavior, perception, speaking the subject is characterized as an animate, active figure with mental (anthropological) features. In the Khakass language the name representing the subject is most often acts in the form of the Nominative case (and this is basically a proper name): Чоохты алыстырарға кирек, – хабын салған Евсейка ‘It is necessary to change a topic of conversation, – said Evseyka’. Though personal pronouns take actively the position of the subject, first and second person pronouns, singular and plural, are not used in the constructions (the category of person is expressed by the verb). Third person pronouns are often used in the position of the subject's not to repeat the name. The name of the subject in the Khakass language can be also expressed by Locative case and Directive case. Оолахты школада матап хырысханнар ‘The boy was strongly criticized at school’. Both cases have principles of semantic restriction of the verbs according to the expressed action. The subject in the Directive case may denote organizations and establishments: Синi институтсар хығыртчалар ‘You are called for to the institute’. The article concludes about the form of the subject and the features of the syntactic constructions with the subject name agreeing with the verbs of mental activity.

Keywords: .

Normanskaya Yuliya Viktorovna THE SOLUTION TO THE PRINCIPLE OF WORD STRESS ASSIGNMENT IN VASJUGAN KHANTY // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 2 (2). P. 56-68

In article is represented the result of the analysis of a place of an accent in Vasjugan dialect on the archive collected by L. I. Kalinina in the 50–60th years of the XX century. It appeared that the rule of accent place depends on a part of speech. In verbs and pronouns the accent is paradigmatic, and its place depends on affix type. In names the accent is fixed on the first or second syllable. Accent fixing for certain vowels, probably, happened for a long time when vowels of the first syllable in east dialects still kept Proto Khant quality. If in the first syllable of the word were narrow vowels, the accent became fixed on the second syllable, in other cases – on the first syllable. Thus, the Vasjugan system of an accent has unique character: in a name and a verb two various types of an accent are presented: in a verb – paradigmatic, in a name – fixed depending on phonemic structure of a word form.

Keywords: Vasjugan dialect, accent, language history, phonetic, archive data

Grinko Ivan Aleksandrovich MUSEUM ANTHROPOLOGY AND MUSEUM MANAGEMENT // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2019. Issue 1 (23). P. 113-123

The article is devoted to the analysis of the term “museum anthropology” and definition of the main directions of application of this sub-discipline. Today museums meet with new functions and challenges, and not all museums can quickly adapt to existing conditions. There is an increasing need for anthropological tools for understanding the museum visitor: from their motivations to social interactions in the museum space. Based on the basic links between anthropology and museum work, as well as new challenges facing the museum field, the author suggests a new look at museum anthropology and its goals, greatly expanding both the term itself and the scope of anthropological knowledge in the museum business. The article considers the following key areas in museum anthropology: personnel management and the study of a professional museum community; anthropological study of the museum visitor and understanding of the museum space as a specific field; the adaptation of museum space based on an anthropological view of the museum visitor; community formation; building relationships with ethno-confessional groups and socio-cultural designs in the museum. Such a unified approach would be also useful for museums, as most of the problems today appear to be somehow connected with a lack of understanding of the importance of anthropological factors in contemporary world and anthropology, as museums remains one of the key platforms for popularizing scientific knowledge.

Keywords: museums, museology, museum anthropology, socio-cultural anthropology, museum design, socio-cultural management, migration, ethnomuseums

Galyamina Yuliya Evgenyevna GRIGORIJ KORSAKOV AND HIS KET FIELD NOTEBOOK // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2014. Issue 1 (3). P. 146-150

This article tells about an interesting linguistic document of the 1930s. The notebook of Leningrad’s post-graduate student Serkina deals with Ket texts and other data. Serkina wrote her notebook during her seminars with a talented Soviet scientist Grigorij Korsakov. Korsakov began to study Ket in the middle of the 1930s. He went to the expedition to Turukhanskiy district of Krasnojarskij kray. But this notebook is the single surviving data because Korsakov died in the siege of Leningrad.

Keywords: Ket, Grigorij Korsakov, history of linguistics

Ebata Fuyuki CAUSATIVE AND PASSIVE IN SAKHA: FOCUSING ON DOUBLE-ACCUSATIVE CAUSATIVE AND IMPERSONAL PASSIVE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 2 (2). P. 16-28

This paper examines Sakha causative and passive, focusing on double-accusative causative and impersonal passive. With regard to Sakha causatives, it is pointed out that the case-marking of causee is related to the type of causation meant. Double-accusative causatives are possible in Sakha. Additionally, Sakha allows impersonal passives, which are derived from both transitive and intransitive clauses. The unexpressed agent in impersonal passives must be human. Double-accusative causative is impossible in most Turkic languages other than Sakha, but possible in almost all Tungusic languages. Therefore, it is highly probable that Sakha doubleaccusative causative has developed through contact with Tungusic languages. In contrast to double-accusative causatives, impersonal passives are not possible in Tungusic languages but found in other Turkic languages. Thus, it is unlikely that Sakha impersonal passives have developed through language contact.

Keywords: Sakha, valence, double-accusative causative, impersonal passive, language contact

Grosheva Galina Vasilyevna SLAVIC DIASPORAS IN THE INTERNET OF THE CITY OF TOMSK: THE EXPERINCE OF PRESERVATION AND TRANSLATION OF ETHNOCULTURAL IDENTITY // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2015. Issue 3 (9). P. 29-39

The paper presents analysis of Internet resources describing the activity of Tomsk regional public organizations of Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians on preservation of their ethnocultural identity. The Polish diaspora of Tomsk is presented by websites of Tomsk regional non-profit organization “Center of Polish Culture ‘The House of Poles’” in the city of Tomsk, Tomsk national Polish center “White Eagle”, web-page of the Center of Polish Language and Culture of local nonprofit organization National Cultural Autonomy of the Poles of Tomsk “Tomsk Poloniya”. The data about Ukrainian and Belarusian diasporas in the city of Tomsk is given at the websites of regional non-profit organization “Center of Ukrainian Culture ‘Jerelo’” and regional non-profit organization “National Cultural Autonomy of Belarusians in Tomsk Region”. All the organizations can be found at the website of the Palace of Arts and Crafts “Avangard”. Most complete information on the Internet can be found about the activity of Polish organizations. The given internet resources present the basis for demonstration, reproduction and building of ethnocultural identity of the mentioned diasporas. The images of traditional folklife culture contributing to actualization of the image of ethnical “friend” play an important role in the structure of ethnical representation. Linguistic means (greetings in native language, nominatives, etc.), visual images (traditional ethnic costumes, household items, dishes of traditional cuisine, symbolic of national holidays and celebrations) are used as markers and ethnocultural symbols. Great significance is given to preservation and modeling of historical memory, appeal to the general historical past and historical motherland is realized. Large attention is paid to active involvement of diasporas members into cultural events of organizations (advertizing language courses of mother tongue, music and theatre festivals, traditional holidays, etc.). Identity of Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians of Tomsk as presented on the Internet is formed selectively and it largely depends on the nature of organization activity, professional orientation and interests of their leaders.

Keywords: Slavic diasporas, Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians, national cultural unions of the Slavs, ethnocultural identity, internet of Tomsk

Butorin Sergey Sergeyevich BASIC MEANS AND SOME IDIOETHNIC SPECIFICITY OF MARKING COMPONENTS OF LOCATIVE CATEGORY IN KET LANGUAGE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2015. Issue 2 (8). P. 9-24

The research project deals with the analysis and description of the semantic category of location and motion in the Ket language using the approach advanced in the framework of the Theory of Functional Grammar as advanced by A. V. Bondarko and his research team. The investigation uses a notion of locative construction which includes three basic components: the object being localized (Figure, in L. Talmy’s notation), the reference object, or landmark (Ground) and spatial relations between the former and the latter. The semantic types of locative constructions based on the static and dynamic types of spatial relations, and topological and non-topological characteristics of spatial relations have been distinguished. The analysis of the basic language means of expressing spatial relations in Ket which include lexical items (motion and posture verbs, locative adverbs), grammatical items (case markers, locative postpositions), incorporated, and syntactic means (simple and polypredicative clauses) has been done. The research project examines the locational and directional markers on the components of static and dynamic spatial situations which include case markers, locative postpositions and adverbs differentiating essive, allative, elative and prolative meanings. The idioethnic specificity of marking spatial relations has been shown. The specificity consists in double subject marking of motion verbs, possibility of deriving transitive causative motion verbs from the corresponding intransitive motion verbs by adding one more subject agreement slot containing a subject marker which is co-referent with the subject marker of the original intransitive verb, the availability of incorporated motion verbs, аmong others. The notion of the non-verbal predicate as understood by Kees Hengeveld is proposed to be applied to the Ket material. The principal means of marking non-verbal predicates which involve personal and non-personal predicative suffixes are considered. The classification of the structural types of non-verbal locative predicates has been accomplished. As a result, the personal-predicative and non-personal-predicative predicates have been identified. The former are represented by substantive, substantive-postpositional, pronominal, pronominal-postpositional, adverbial predicates as well as some spatial nouns, and the latter – only by substantive-postpositional predicates.

Keywords: Ket language, Theory of functional Grammar, static situations, dynamic situations, different-level means of coding spatial relations, non-verbal predicates

Romaniy Gleb Ivanovich, Klyucheva Maria Arkad’evna THE OPENING PHRASE BLIN-TA-TA IN THE ACTIVE GAME “RED ROVER” OF RUSSIAN AND UDMURT CHILDREN // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2018. Issue 1 (19). P. 113-122

The article considers the etymology of the exclamation blin-ta-ta used as a dialogue opening phrase in the active children's game of “red rover” type and as the name of this game. The formation of game terminology in multilingual environment of the polyethnic region is demonstrated, as well as the phenomena of semantisation and re-semantisation (semantical adaptation) in game terminology. A hypothesis is stated for the formation of a semi-semantic exclamation blin-ta-ta through a sequence of changes, distortions in a child's folklore of the misunderstood phrase of another's language: Russian and Udmurt blin-ta-ta(-ta) ~ Udmurt mil’ym tu tataj ~ Udmurt mynta-tutaj *mynda tətəj ' this way, sister' (Tatar dialect). Such a reconstruction of the original phrase is correlated with the fact of reference to the "girl", "sister" in other dialogues in similar Udmurt and Chuvash games. Thus, becomes obvious the substrate origin of the dialogue opening phrase (blin-ta-ta) in Russian and Udmurt game folklore from Tatar, which also correlates with the fact and traditional areas of resettlement of Tatars in the territory of Udmurtia and the Kirov region.

Keywords: child language, desemantisation, game folklore of Volgo-Kama district, languages in contact, language substratum, semantisation and re-semantisation, Turkic languages, Finno-Ugric languages, folk games

Bobrova Anna Ivanovna TOWARDS RECONSTRUCTION OF SELKUP COSTUME BASED ON ARTEFACTS FROM THE XVII CENTURY BURRIAL AT OSTJAK MOUNTAIN (60 ANNIVERSARY OF ANDREAS DULSON RESEARCH ON THE RIVER OB NEAR MOLCHANOVO VILLAGE) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2015. Issue 1 (7). P. 82-94

The paper is based on the analysis of the archeological, archival and written sources obtained by Andreas Dulson in 1954 as a result of excavations of the Ostjak Mountain burial site, at Molchanovo village in Tomsk region. Archival and archeological data are kept at Tomsk Local Lore Museum. Andreas Dulson dated the burrials as the XVII century and attributed them to Selkups of Shepets volost. The paper focuses on the reconstruction of Selkup costume – head-wear, plait decorations, waist-bands, and other costume decorations.

Keywords: Andreas Dulson, archive of Tomsk Meseum, XVII century, burial at Ostjak Mountain, clothes, Selkups

Tokmashev Denis Mikhaylovich, Lemskaya Valeriya Mikhaylovna POSSESSIVE NOUN CONSTRUCTIONS IN TELEUT AND CHULYM-TURKIC // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2015. Issue 4 (10). P. 24-35

The paper gives an analysis of possession manifestations in Teleut and Chulym-Turkic by means of noun constructions. Possessive relations in the focus languages form a functional-semantic field, with a grammar core composed of the third-type ezafe constructions as well as combinations of possessive pronouns and nouns marked with possessive affixes. This marking is discourse-featured and optional in case of the 1st and 2nd person possessor, but inalienable possession is manifested by the regular head marking of the personal pronominal possessive constructions. Also non-ezafe and non-possessive usage of the 3rd person possessive affix is featured, which is presumably affected by its article-like function. On the periphery of the possessiveness functional-semantic field there are adyective affixes *-lɨɣ and *-ɣɨ, which imply the possession of an obyect, quality or a feature, or manifest the idea of their accumulation and concentration.

Keywords: Teleut, Chulym-Turkic, possessiveness, ezafe, personal pronominal possessive constructions, nominal word-formation

Suleymanova Reseda Akhmetyanovna, Isyangulov Shamil Nailevich HISTORICAL AND ETYMOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF BASHKIR FAMILIES // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2019. Issue 3 (25). P. 116-126

The article is devoted to considering the issues of the history of the origin of the Bashkir names, formed in the 16th - 19th centuries, which are still poorly explored in anthroponymy. Based on the factual material, we managed to prove that the Bashkir names among the nobility began to appear in the XVI century. The material for the study was The Bashkir Shezhere and Bashkir clan nsmes by R.G. Kuzeev, a scientific publication Documents and materials on the history of the Bashkir people: Formular lists on the service of officials of the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army for the years 1836-1842 in 2 books. In the article an attempt was made to establish the continuity of the surnames formed in the 16th - 17th centuries on the basis of a comparative analysis of the facts from the genealogical records of the leaders of the major Bashkir tribes, such as the Yurmata, the Tamyan, the Min and the Utergen, and from the census lists. Thus, the relationship between the personal names of the Bashkir nobility (biys) (Tyatigach, Aznay, Karmysh, Distan, Shagman) and the names that have survived to this day, such as Tyatigachev, Aznaev, Karmyshev (Karamyshev), Bikbov (Bikbaev) Distanov, Shakhmanov, as well as surnames on the basis of personal names of ancestors of canton superiors (Mutin, Sultanov, Kuvatov). Some of these anthroponyms have been also examined etymologically.

Keywords: Bashkir language, historical anthroponymy, surname, Bashkir tribes, Shezhere, lists

Babenko Innesa Igorevna, Orlova Olga Vyacheslavovna PROSPECTS OF RESEARCH ON MINORITY DISCURSIVE PRACTICE IN REGIONAL LINGUISTICS AND LINGUOCULTUROLOGY // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 75-78

This article continues a series of research on a lingvocultural originality of Tomsk regional infosphere. The infosphere is understood as the actual communicative space of the region accumulating a variety of information streams bearing the sociocultural importance. The operational units of the infosphere are discursive practices. Discursive practice is the certain social practice realized in speech behavior of the audience. Minority discursive practice is a reflection of communicative activity of the small communities united by one or several extralinguistic factors. For example, the discourse of literary creativity of young residents of Tomsk is defined by a factor of creative socialization; discourse of political opposition – a protest factor; discourse of the small and corporate press of oil-drilling territories – an economical factor; discourse of elite factor – a factor of a social originality. The texts of minority discourses are especially challenging for the analysis of the daily speech of the regional society. Research on the daily speech and not main discursive phenomena allows making analysis of a linguistic picture of the world in its unity and a variety more polyphonic and deep. Relevance of the research on regional discursive practice is also defined by the identification of the regional participation modes for the various sociocultural formations. This causes the distinctness of the region, in comparison with other territories. The study of texts of certain discursive environments as forms of self-presentation of the regional society variants, cognitive and communicative mechanisms for formation of the regional, and more widely sociocultural, self-identification represents an actual problem of a modern linguoculturology and regional linguistics.

Keywords: minority discursive practice, regional infosphere

Gotovtseva Lina Mitrofanovna, Nikolaeva Tatyana Nikolaevna, Prokopieva Alena Kirillovna BASIC BINARY CONCEPTS AS FRAGMENTS OF THE LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE YAKUTS’ WORLD // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2017. Issue 3 (17). P. 21-30

The article focuses on the basic binary concepts LIFE / DEATH, GOOD / EVIL, OWN / ALIEN in the Yakut language. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the conceptual features that form the structure of basic binary oppositions in the Yakut language picture of the world. Conceptual analysis has allowed to identify and describe a set of differential signs of these oppositions as fragments of the language picture of the world. Further study of binary oppositions is seen in the identification of their linguistic representation on the material of folklore, art texts and other Turkic languages.

Keywords: Yakut language, a сoncept, binary opposition, conceptual analysis, a language picture of the world

Simonov D.. A.., Shirin Yu. V.. ABOUT THE MAKING TIME OF CASTING MOLDS FROM KIZHIROVO HILLFORT // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 3 (13). P. 122-131

The article deals with new sources for dating of famous sacral-industrial complex of the early Iron Age from Kizhirovo hillfort in the Tomsk Ob region. This complex is comprised of casting molds and cult vessels with drawings, stylistically close to Kulayka culture casting and engraving on bronze discs. The completeness of molds was verified in the study of the collection. The article presents the analogy with subjects casting in these forms. They have a typological conformity in products of era boundaries and first centuries AD in various regions of Siberia and the Urals. Some of the technological methods used in the forms apparently related to the Central Asian cultural tradition of the Han time. The accumulated information allows to hypothesize that sacral-industrial complex of Kizhirovo did not appear at an early stage of existence sites of Kulayka culture, as previously thought, but later – on Sarovka stage of that culture.

Keywords: the early Iron Age, the Kulaika culture, Western Siberia, casting molds

Burnakov Venariy Alekseevich, Tsydenova Darima Tsydenovna «CULT ATTRIBUTES OF THE GODDESS UMAI IN THE RELIGIOUS-MITHOLOGICAL VIEWS OF THE KHAKASS PEOPLE (END OF XIX – THE SECOND HALF OF XX CENTURY)» // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2016. Issue 3 (13). P. 39-52

The paper aims to characterize religious paraphernalia of Umai and its role in the worldview and ritual practices of Khakass people. To achieve this goal, the following objectives are met: systematization of published and unpublished materials on the issue; classification based on the analysis of similarity and external signs of main constituent elements; review of their inclusion in the ritual practice. The chronological scope of the work covers the period from the end of XIX century to the second half of the XX century. The choice of these time limits is defined by the state of the source base on the study. The main sources are the literary, archival and ethnographic materials. The work is based on a comprehensive, systematic and historical approach to the study of the past. The study uses historical and ethnographic methods – scientific description, a concrete and historical relic. In spiritual life of Khakass, a special place was given to the cult of the goddess Umai. With the cult of the goddess Umai, Khakasses communicated ideas about women's life-affirming the beginning, and at the same time as a mighty god – patron of motherhood, whose sacred power focuses on fertility, birth of children, saving their lives and health, as well as providing them with a happy future. Such a significant role in the religious life of the people contributed to the wide dissemination of its religious paraphernalia. Things endowed with sacred status were diverse. They differed in external form and functional specificity. The ritual purpose of some of them was determined by the child's sex. However, they all had a generalized name, Umai. Of these, particularly identified are those that play the role of amulet, bow and arrow, a spindle, cowrie shells, buttons, navel-kin, etc. In addition, there were also fetishes tös’, anthropomorphic figures made of wood, bark and cloth. To venerate them, a special ritual was developed. It consisted of a prayer to the God of fertility and to the spirit of fire, as well as the offering of sacrifice, ritual food and feeding of the children. Moreover, a fairly common practice was to use not only a fetish, but also talismans, by sprinkling them and smearing with sacrificial meal. During various rites in family shrines, Umai can be employed both individually and collectively. This practice may indicate that in the religious consciousness of Khakasses, fetishes as mascots were equally endowed with a kind of divine energy and beneficial magical properties and often combines the features of each other. Therefore, shamans were involved in their manufacture and endowed them with spiritual power. They also performed the rites, the atoning sacrifice of this powerful goddess, which often prevented the theft of the soul of a child, as well as preventing its premature death. In the course of this rites and magical practices, they will certainly used as sacred objects. In the future, the whole ritual would have been performed either by the woman herself or her older cousin. Specifically important role in the cult of Umai was assigned to a ritual object Hara Umai. This was both a receptacle and the personification of the Black malicious spirit of Umai. In the general system of rituals, this was one of the very important instruments to overcome death and to celebrate life.

Keywords: Khakasses, tradition, worldwiev, shamanism, Umai cult, rituals, charms, fetishes, tös’